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Electric Charge - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Batteries
      - Alternators or dynamos.
      - Photovoltaic solar cells.
      - Hydrogen cells
- - - - When you rub your pen with a cloth, the electrons come
        off the cloth and move to the pen, which becomes
        negatively charged. If you hold the pen close to a piece
        of paper, the electrons at the end of the paper closest
        to the pen are repelled to the other side. Then the
        nearer side becomes positively charged. This is why the
        pen attracts the paper.
- - - - Imagine you are an electron and your wire is the high school’s hallway.
        What happens if the hallway is very narrow and there are a lot of you?
        What happens when it is not only narrow but also long? Electrons in a wire
        behave similarly.
      - The components used to produce heat are called resistors, which are just
        a conductor wire rolled into a spiral. They are used in devices such as
        toasters, hair dryers, electric heaters, etc.
    - - There are two ways to produce light with electricity: when the
        temperature increases because of the electric current and when some
        gases react to carrying electricity
      - When the increase in temperature is considerable,
        light begins to appear. At first it is red and then it
        becomes white at higher temperatures. Incandescent
        and halogen bulbs are based on this phenomenon.
        Electric resistors in some heating devices emit a red
        light when they heat up, but it isn’t sufficient to give
        much light.
        Some gases emit light when they carry an electric
        current. Fluorescent tubes and low-energy bulbs are
        based on this phenomenon. They last longer and are
        more efficient than incandescent bulbs.
    - - Motion
        
        Motors transform electrical energy into motion. They are based on the
        forces of attraction and repulsion between a magnet and a conductor
        wire placed in one or more loops inside it. The electric current flows
        through the conductor wire.
        
        If the shaft of the motor is rotated by an external force, it becomes a
        generator.
- - - - The basic electric quantities are voltage, current, and resistance.
      - Voltage, current and resistance
        
        We call charge to the amount of electricity stored in an object. It is the
        equivalent of volume of water in the container. It is usually represented by
        letter Q and is measured in coulombs [C].
        To understand voltage, current and resistance we can compare them a
        water-based system.
    - - A voltmeter measures the electrical voltage. To
        measure the voltage of a component you connect
        the voltmeter as shown in the image (in parallel). The
        internal resistance of the device is very high, so
        hardly any current flows through it. You only need a
        few electrons to measure voltage.
        Normally a voltmeter has several scales, it can
        measure volts or millivolts. You need to choose the appropriate scale to
        use. If you connect it to high voltage, it can be damaged.
        An ammeter measures the current. To measure the
        current through a receptor you connect it as shown
        in the image (in series). You also must select the
        appropriate scale depending on the current you
        want to measure. It can measure in amp or
        milliamp.
        A multimeter
        measures different electric quantities
        (voltage, current, resistance) in different
        scales. You can choose the best scale for
        different quantities using its rotating dial.