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Developments in Medicine - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Through careful observation of the sick
    - - Phlegm, blood, black bile and yellow bile
    - - Of the four humours in your body
    - - Was to followed for over one thousand
    - - Had demostrated how important it was to observe patients and record their symptoms
      - Wanted people to look for natural causes of illness, rather than seeking supernatural causes
      - Also left behind a collection of medical books and treatises
  - - - were left to woman
    - - medicine men
  - - - he thought that the humours could be
        
        rebalanced using the opposites
      - The key idea which flourished thoughout
        
        The key idea
      - Was also interested in anatomy
  - - - New thinking
        
        And
        
        A focus on scintific explanations
      - Science evolved into what
        
        We understand it to be today
      - Scientists started to use their own observations and
        
        Experiments to gain knowledge
      - Scintists were proving old ideas wrong
    - - Scintists had been able to use a new invetion, the microscope
      - Doctors training had become more sophisticated
      - The Catholic Church no longer dominated education
  - - - would tie the ends of arteries using silk thread
      - the army treating battle wounds
      - Stopped the bleeding by cauterizing the would
    - - Believed that it was important for knowledge
        
        Understanding of human anatomy
      - His major achievement was to show that Galen had been wrong
        
        About elements of human anatomy
  - - - Had set up universities
      - Power had grown
- - - - Louis Pasteur
        
        As the cause of decay
        
        and
        
        said that it occurred because tiny living organisms
        
        fall from the air
        
        and cause decay
        
        Developed germ theory
        
        and
        
        published a book on this in 1861
      - Koch
        
        Pasteur developed vaccines to prevent
        
        Chicken pox, cholera, anthax and rabies
    - - Chemists began to discover different chemicals that could have anaesthetic results on patients
      - Many surgeons attempted new experimental surgeries
      - Ether
        
        Laughing gas
      - Chloroform induced a rapid sleeping state and was difficult to manage
      - Carl Koller
        
        Used cocaine as a local anaesthetic
        
        Cocaine was only useful for minor operations
    - - Joseph Lister
        
        He experimented with carbolic acid
        
        and
        
        if this was sprayed over a would during surgery
        
        Gangrene would be prevented
      - Florence Nightingale
        
        Led to improvements in the cleanliness of hospitals
    - - Blood could not be stored as it would clot and become unusable
    - - Industrialization, urbanization and population growth
      - Had an impact on the role played by goverments in public health
      - London doctor called John Snow
        
        Had proven the link between the spread of cholera and polluted water supplies
      - By the end of the nineteenth
        
        Goverments were providing sewers and cleaner water supplines
      - Improve the quality of food and even to make some vaccinations compulsory
    - - Edward Jenner
        
        Called his new preventative treatment vaccination
    - - The first woman to qualify as a doctor in the USAin 1849
        
        And
        
        The work of Florence Nightingale
        
        and
        
        Mary Seacole
  - - - Blood Loss
        
        1895
        
        1903
        
        1901
      - Surgery
        
        Harold Gilies
        
        Hugh Owen Thomas
        
        Willam M. Spreckley
        
        He lost his entire nose in the Battle of Ypres
      - Infections
        
        Soldiers wounds were often infected by fragments
        
        of thier clothing that carried bacteria
        
        and
        
        caused deadly gas gangrene
        
        Doctors found that cutting away infected tissue
        
        and
        
        soaking the wound in saline had the best results
        
        Bullets and shrapel took infection deep into the body
        
        and
        
        attemps were made to find new ways of fighting
    - - Surgical techniques
      - Combating diseases
      - Penicillin
      - Improvements To Public Health