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Electricity
Electric Quantities
Current (I)
Units: Amperes or Amps (A). Number of electrons that pass through a
specific point in one second. Equivalent to flowing water.
Voltage(V)
Unit: Volts (V). Difference between the electrical energy
at two points in a circuit. Charge always
moves from the point with highest
energy to the point with lowest. Equivalent to heigh difference
in a water -based
system.
Resistance(R)
Units: Ohms ( Ω). Opposition of the components of a
circuit to the flow of the electric current. Equivalent to obstacles that
the water finds
along a pipe.
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Electric charge
All matter is made of atoms . They are made up of
a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons
(positive and neutral charge respectively), and
electrons that orbit around it with negative
charge .
All matter is in general neutral ; it doesn’t have
electric charge . This is because they usually have
the same number of protons and electrons, and
their charges cancel each other out .
When electrons move between
objects , and imbalance occurs,
creating positively or negatively
charged matter .
Same charges repel ; Opposite
charges attract .
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Electric Circuits
An electric circuit is a set of connected components through
which current circulates . Every circuit requires three key elements:
Receptors
Transform electrical
energy into another type
of energy like heat, light,
motion or even sound.
The circuit must be closed;
electrons move from one
terminal to the other.
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Generators
Provides the energy to
move the electrons. Electrons flow from
negative ( -) to positive (+),
but by convention we say it
flows from + to -.
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Electric Current
Electric current is the continuous movement of electrons through a
material. Not all materials allow this.
Current flows when there is an electron imbalance between two
points , it stops once the charge is balanced, just like water
equalizing between two connected containers
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Ohm’s Law
Formulated by Georg Ohm, this law expresses the proportional
relationship between voltage, current and resistance.
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Example : A bulb with 220 Ω connected to a 4,5 V battery has a current flowing
through it of 20 mA.
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