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Hormones and the Endocrine System - Coggle Diagram
Hormones and the Endocrine System
Communication Paths
Endocrine
Added to blood stream
Exocrine
Out of the body (stomach acid)
Paracrine
Rx’d that affect near by cell (interferon)
Autocrine
Produced by cell that affects itself
Types of Chemical Communication
Hormone
Messenger in blood
Steriods
Lipid based -> not water soluble
Polypeptides
Chains of pro
Amines
Modified amino acid
Neurotransmitter
Rx by neurons go into cerebral spinal..
Other compounds that act as Hormones
Nitric oxide
ATP
Cytokine
Neuroendocrine pathway
Brain talking to glands -> rx hormone -> trigger cells (in blood stream)
Location and Action of Target Recpetors
Water soluble hormones
Recenter on cell membrane triggered by hormone to activate cell
Lipid soluble
Hormone Effects / Overload and Deficiency
Hormone Effects
Stimulation
Increase activity
Inhibition
Stops/reduce activity
Agonist
Increase activity of another hormo
Antagonist
Reduce activity of another hormone
Overload and deficiency
Down-regulation
Hormone rx too much; cell reduce receptors “less sensitive”
Up-regulation
not enough hormone; increase receptors “super sensitive”
Endocrine Gland / Hormone Summary
Pituitary
Anterior
GH
Stimulate growth
TSH
Stimulate thyroid to prod metabolic hormones
PRL
Promotes lactation
ACTH
Stimulate adrenal cortex to produce cortisol (stress response)
FSH
Stimulate gametes prod
LH
Stimulated by GnRH -> reproductive and sexual function
Malanocyte
Stimulate melanin
Posterior
Oxytocin
Stimulates contractions and lactate rx
ADH
In crease water absorption in kidneys, reduce r=urine prod
Thyroid
TRH
Secrete thyrotropin
TSH
increase in metabolic rate
Parathyroid
PTH
Rx Ca frm bones to raise in blood lvl
Adrenal
Cortex
Aldosterone
Ctrl BP and electrolyte balance
Glucocorticoids
Reg metabolism, suppress inflammation, helps manage stress and
break down sugar
Gonadocrtcoide
Precursor sex hormone
Medulla
Epinephrine
Increase HR and blood flow (fight or flight)
Anepinephrine
Cause vasoconstriction supporting BP
Pancreas
Insulin
Promote glucose uptake
Glycogen
Raise sugar lvls; liver rx glucose
Gonads
Ovaries
Estrogen
Stimulates growth
builds lining or uterus
Makes accessible for sperm
Progesterone
Substations pregnancy
Stabilize uterine to protect embryo
Testes
Testosterone
Sperm prod
Pineal
Melatonin
Regulate sleep cycle
Thymus
Thymosin
Mature of t-cells