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Guilds and cities - Coggle Diagram
Guilds and cities
Until the 12th century there were no big cities in Europe. Since then, there has been an Urban renaissance. :european_castle:
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Why ?
Because there is trade again. The people that live and work in the cities are called bourgeoisie ( burguesía ). Burgo means CITY. :cityscape:
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Carta comunal de Cartagena, for instance:
Alfonso X :crown:permite que se celebre mercado y les quita los impuestos ( les concede derechos llamados fueros, derechos )
This is the Comunidad Foral de Navarra. Foral comes from fuero ; In Navarra there is still today a special right, un fuero.
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Sometimes the kings allowed the cities not to pay taxes. This way a very good privilege. And these cities were Franca or Frei.
Some examples about this are Villafranca de Penedès, Villafranca del castillo, Freiburg, etc...
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Urban aristocracy
In Florence, the Medici family is a good example for it. This family became rich as bankers and traders. The medici family in Florence in the 15th century
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This is the court of Gonzaga family in Mantua. This is a fresco, by Mantegna, in their palace. It's an example of urban aristocracy
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This is the fresco ceiling of the palace. It is a trampantojo (de «trampa ante ojo»,del francés trompe-l'œil, «engaña el ojo». This perspective is called sotto in su
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Saint George, by Donatello. Donatello was a sculptor in the Renaissance. The statue was commissioned by a guild in Florence.
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Artisans in cities organize themselves in GUILDS (GREMIOS). There were only one guild per city. Blacksmiths (herreros) in Milan belong to the Blacksmith Guild of Milan:
This Guild decides everything: materials used, quantity produced, working hours in a shop or workshop, who could enter the Guild or not, etc...
Members of a guild
Apprentice (APRENDIZ) : Luis is 8 when he leaves his family to live in the workshop of a master. He gets food, shelter and starts to learn about the trade (el oficio). This workshop belongs to a shoemaker.
He cleans the rooms, carries the tools and sometimes he is allowed to cut the leather. He has no salary but gets food, shelter and begins to learn the job. This is the case of Leonardo Da Vinci because he was the apprentice of Verrocchio
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Journeyman (OFICIAL) :man::skin-tone-4:: When Luis is 20 he becomes a Journeyman (oficial). He now earns a salary, but he still works for the master. And he still lives in the house above the workshop. Now he does several things, and he really helps his master.
Master craftsman (MAESTRO) :older_man::skin-tone-3:: Now Luis is 40 and he, according to all the masters of this Guild, has made his first masterpiece (obra maestra / in italian, capolavoro). And now he is allowed to open a workshop because he has become a master.
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