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Democratisation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - making elections less competitive
      - restricts participation
      - undermines judiciary
- - - - power hungry agents can only enact regime change if there are no constraints
  - - - agricultural economy to industrial economy to post-industrial economy
  - - - responsiveness to citizens
    - - responsiveness to members of government and civil service
  - - - economic structure
        
        Owners V workers
        
        city V country
      - socio-cultural
        
        religion
        
        language
        
        race
      - political actors may try to encourage certain group formations
    - - bourgeoisie
      - proletariat
      - peasantry
    - - regimes evolved from feudalism based on dominant social class
      - countries dominated by bourgeoisis would become democratic
      - countries dominated by peasants would become communist
      - countries where conservative elites retained powerful would become fascist
- - - - individuals want to maximise benefits and minimise costs
      - if one's participation is unlikely to do anything, they are unlikely to support a protest
    - - Scenario 1
        
        not enough people protesting to reach the threshold
        
        there is a cost to protesting (repression)
        
        no benefit to protesting
        
        democracy won't happen
      - scenario 2
        
        the number of people protesting is very close to the threshold
        
        potential benefit to protesting but may also be a cost
        
        democracy may happen if you act
      - Scenario 3
        
        number of people protesting is above the threshold
        
        may be some short term costs to protesting
        
        democracy will happen regardless of your action
        
        could just free ride
        
        No costs for protesting
        
        still reap the benefits
  - - - people may pretend to support the regime to avoid repression
      - tipping points are harder to see
    - - low threshold people join protests early
      - high threshold people wait until they are sure
      - cascades happen when enough early joiners push enough observers to join
    - - most people have high thresholds
      - successful revolutions require rapid cascades to avoid repression
      - repression can distort available information
- - - - if the opposition is weak
        
        soft-liners cooperate with regime
        
        opposition joins regime
        
        often results in a broadened dictatorshop
      - if opposition is strong
        
        repression risks backlack or insurgency
        
        soft-liners join up with opposition
        
        often results in a democratic transition