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Non-Infectious Diseases - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Immune system attacks healthy joints
      - Genetic factors
      - Environmental triggers (e.g. smoking, infections)
    - - Joint pain + swelling
      - Stiffness (especially morning)
      - Fatigue
      - Reduced mobility
    - - Difficulty walking or using hands
      - Trouble with daily tasks (dressing, writing)
      - Long-term disability possible
  - - - Body Systems Affected:
        
        Immune system → overactive (attacks joints)
        
        Musculoskeletal system → joint damage, inflammation
      - Impact:
        
        Chronic inflammation
        
        Reduced mobility
      - Resilience Index:
        
        Moderate → manageable but progressive
  - - - Genetic predisposition
      - Environmental triggers
      - Lifestyle factors (smoking, obesity)
      - Epidemiology (Statistics)
        
        Affects ~1% of global population
        
        More common in women than men
        
        Usually develops between ages 30–60
        
        Prevalence increasing due to ageing populatio
        
        Risk Factors
        
        Smoking (major risk factor)
        
        Family history
        
        Obesity
        
        Gender (higher in females)
        
        Lifestyle Links
        
        Smoking → increases risk + severity
        
        Diet → anti-inflammatory diets may help
        
        Exercise → improves joint mobility
        
        Weight management → reduces joint stress
- - - - Faulty CFTR gene
      - Inherited from both parents
    - - Thick mucus in lungs
      - Breathing difficulties
      - Frequent infections
      - Digestive problems
    - - Daily medication + physiotherapy
      - Hospital visits
      - Limited physical activity
      - Shortened life expectancy (in some cases)
    - - Nervous system → learning disability
      - Cardiovascular system → congenital heart defects
    - - Developmental delay
      - Possible organ complications
    - - Variable → depends on support and health conditions
  - - - Body Systems Affected:
        
        Respiratory system → mucus buildup, infections
        
        Digestive system → poor enzyme function
      - Impact:
        
        Reduced lung function
        
        Malnutrition
      - Resilience Index:
        
        Low–moderate → serious but improved with treatment
- - - - Extra chromosome 21
      - Occurs during cell division (not usually inherited)
    - - Learning disabilities
      - Delayed development
      - Physical features (e.g. facial characteristics)
      - Possible heart defects
    - - Needs support in education
      - May require medical care
      - Can live independently with support
      - Social and communication challenges
    - - Body Systems Affected:
        
        Nervous system → learning disability
        
        Cardiovascular system → congenital heart defects
        
        Impact:
        
        Developmental delay
        
        Possible organ complications
        
        Resilience Index:
        
        Variable → depends on support and health conditions
- - - - All affect multiple body systems
      - All impact quality of life
      - Require long-term management
    - - Cause (immune vs genetic vs chromosomal)
      - Systems affected (joints vs lungs vs brain/heart)
      - Severity and progression
- - - - TV & social media campaigns
      - NHS website guidance
      - Free support services (quit plans, apps, nicotine replacement)
      - Behaviour change messaging
      - Evidence
        
        UK smoking rates declining
        
        Increased use of NHS stop smoking services
        
        Strengths
        
        Wide reach
        
        Accessible support
        
        Evidence-based
        
        Limitations
        
        Not disease-specific
        
        Behaviour change difficult
        
        Some groups less engaged