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long term causes of the war - Coggle Diagram
long term causes of the war
the Missouri compromise
Missouri wanted to come in as a state because its population had reached 60000, the south wanted it to come in as slave, but the north wanted it to be free. either way there would be an imbalance in congress, and one side would no longer get their way.
WILMOT PROVISO: any new state that enters the US should not have slavy included----> uproar in the south, not fair? slavery would be surrounded by free states and would lose votes in the senate
Henry Clay suggested that in order to keep the peace, Massachussettes would be split and Maine could enter as a free state, and Missouri could enter as a slave state---> equal number of senators.
the Missouri compromise line was put in place at 36'30. this meant that slavery could not be imposed in any state that may come from the unorganised territory.
'sacred pledge'
compromise has been reached, sectional tensions weren't strong enough to pull the union apart yet. able to find a solution. The south had other places to expand into.
Texas comes in as a state
Mexican revolution, gained independence from Spain! mexico set up a new gov, and
stephen austin + settlers travelled to Mexico with their slaves. Mexican government ruled out slavery, 40,000 settlers revolted against this, Santa Anna marched 2000 troops into texas won at alamo, but was captured. in order to be released he had to agree to peace terms and texas gained independence.
president rejected recognising Texas independence and refused to annex the territory: feared mexican war
president kept rejecting Texas application to statehood, but when Tyler became president, he thought bringing Texas into the union would help him gain support from south, because it brings in more slave states, and for the North because it shows the expansion of the union westward. however this failed to achieve /3 of the vote and Texas still wasn't involved in the union. not n vs s, but w vs d.
the nullification crisis
25% tax on exported goods were imposed inn order to get Americans buying American made goods, which only benefited the North.
Makes northern states richer and southern states poorer.
other countries therefore put their prices up.
South Carolina nullified this rule, saying they wouldn't tax British ships coming into their ports and continued to trade with Britain as normal, they couldn't afford the tariffs.
president jackson felt nullification was unconstitutional and sent troops into South Carolina to forcefully end the nullifications. John C Calhoun said that if the nullification wasn't allowed then SC would secede from the union.
compromise reached. high tariffs over 20% would be gradually lowered each year so they matched the 1816 rate.
supposed to benefit producers and manufactorers
the unions weakness = exposed, showed that if a state attempted to nullify, they would be met with force.
highlighted economic differences
mexican troops capturing American troops
Polk= slave holder president from Tennessee.
believed the US Mexico border was 100 miles further West than what the Mexican government said. he offered $40 million to buy all Mexican land in North America, but Mexico refused this.
Mexico sent troops up to the Rio Grand and into 'american' territory. cptured 63 and killed 16 American soldiers- 'American blood spilt on American soil'.
war voted for in congress, Northern senators didn't want to vote against war so they wouldn't look unpatriotic, even if they disagreed with the war.
WILMOT PROVISO: any new state that enters the US should not have slavy included----> uproar in the south, not fair? slavery would be surrounded by free states and would lose votes in the senate
Northern (whigs) very against war, the land gained from the war would become slave states, very obvious that Polk started the war to just add slave states to the union. slave power conspiracy formed: distrust in leadership and division began.