Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
BELIEFS - ETHNICITY AND RELIGION - Coggle Diagram
BELIEFS - ETHNICITY AND RELIGION
minority ethnic group religions
african Caribbean
the main religion among Afro-Caribbean groups is Christianity and they made up 17% of those attending church on the average Sunday in 2007
their christianity had developed mainly in the pentecostal and charismatic tradition and found that British churches were boring and quite different to what they were used to, so established their own churches
Asian groups
the main religions of asians tend to be non christian, and include Islam, Sikhism and Hinduism
this has meant that this ethnic minority has had to establish its own temples, mosques and places of worship in contemporary Britain
the facts
ethnic minorities and to be more religious then the ethnic minority in the UK and religious affiliation forms a big part of their ethnic identity
BRIERLEY
- black people are twice as likely to attend church as white people
MODOOD
- there is less religiosity amongst 2nd generation ethnic groups
reasons for ethnic minority religiosity
cultural defence
BRUCE
- religion can offer support and a sense of cultural identity in uncertain or hostile environments
BIRD
- religion can be a basis for community solidarity a means of preserving ones culture, language and a way of coping with oppression in a racist society
cultural tradition
HERBERG
- religion can be a means of easing the transition into a new culture by providing support and a sense of community in the new environment
PRYCE
- pentecostalism is a highly adaptive religion which provided migrants with values that were appropriate to their new world in a format that they could understand
social deprivation and marginality
a sense of dissatisfaction with a lack of status in society may account for higher religiosity amongst ethnic minorities as many ethnic minority groups are amongst the poorest in the UK
some older asian women may turn to religion as a source of support as they are marginalised from the mainstream due to a poor grasp of English
religion may also provide a source of identity and status that is lacking from the mainstream
social identity
religion can help to provide many markers of identity for ethnic minorities such as dress, food and customs as well as ritual and festivals they celebrate
this can help members to resist the denial of their status and the devaluing of their culture through racism
JACOBSON
- British born Pakistanis in the east end of London identified as Muslim rather then Asian or Pakistani at first, as this provided them with stability, security and certainty when they face a lot of uncertainty in other aspects of their lives
AGE, SOCIAL CLASS AND RELIGION
trends in age and religion - BRIERLEY
the only group to show a recent rise in church attendance is the over 65 age group
since 1980, the number of under 15s attending church regularly has halved
by 2025 it is projected hat only 2.5% of regular church goers will be between 15 and 19 years old
half of UK churched have none under the age of 20 in their congregation
why are the elderly more religious?
VOAS AND CROCKETT
the aging effect
as people come closer to the end of their lives, their interest in spiritually and what comes next increases
this can lead to greater religiosity as people look for answers about the after life ad forgiveness for past sins
this may also explain why more elderly women attend church than men as they live longer
generational effect
the current elderly generation may be more religious due to their upbringing which was less secure than that experienced by todays youth, due to war and massive social change
NORRIS AND INGLEHART
call this an existential security theory
why are the young less religious?
socialisation
ARWECK AND BECKFORD
it is increasingly unlikely that parents will pass on their religious beliefs to their children
VOAS
suggests that this could be due to thew growth of inter-faith marriages
Sunday school which were once quite prevalent are now quite rare, meaning that churches are unable to recruit from them
links with
HERVIEU-LEGERS
idea of cultural amnesia
ritualism and tradition
BRIERLEY
87% of 10-14 year olds in 2015 felt that church was boring and that they couldn't relate to the rituals and traditional teachings so they avoided attending
individualisation
COLLINS-MAYO
religion has become more of a personal choice in postmodern society
therefore the young do not feel pressured or obligated to affiliate themselves with a particular church or religion and choose to spend their weekends and free time on leisure activities and hobbies
trends in social class and religion
overview
- traditional Marxists suggest that religiosity and religious participation is more prominent in the most deprived of society
for these people, religion provides a means of coping with the deprivation and oppression
whereas the ruling class use religion as a means of justifying their authority and ideology
however, there is not much in the way of reliable data on social class and religiosity due to the complex nature of social class
churches and denominations
the upper and middle classes (especially women) tend to be over represented in churches
2015 YouGov survey found that over 60% of those that regularly attended church considered themselves MC and only 38% considered themselves WC
sects, cults and new age
sects appear to gain the majority of their support from amongst the most deprived and marginalised groups in society
cults tend to attract their membership from a cross section of society, including deprived and marginalised groups
however,
BRUCE AND HEELAS
suggest that New Age Cults and World Affirming NRM's have more appeal to the more affluent in society due to the consumer nature of the group
HEELAS
- suggests that New Age Movements are more attractive to MC movements who can afford it