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Connected Speech, It means, main types, It means, Where, where, restored…
Connected Speech
Phonetic conditioning
Changes caused by surrounding sounds.
Allophonic variation
Assimilation
One phoneme is effectively replaced by a second under the influence of a third
Patterns of assimilation in English
Direction of influence
Leading assimilation.
(regressive assimilation)
Articulatory anticipation of the next segment.
Lagging assimilation.
(progressive assimilation)
Articulatory lag from preceding segments.
Reciprocal assimilation. (coalescent assimilation)
Two-way exchange of articulation features
Types of influence
Assimilation (place-of-articulation assimilation)
A sound changes place to match the following sound.
Energy assimilation (voicing assimilation)
A sound changes voicing strength to match nearby sounds.
Manner assimilation (manner-of-articulation assimilation)
A sound changes its manner to match nearby sounds.
Co-occurrence of assimilations
Assimilations of different types may occur simultaneously
More than one phoneme may be affected by an assimilation
Elision
May involve the deletion
of a phoneme
May also occur within assimilation processes.
Liaison
The insertion of an extra sound
Linking /ɹ/
Link across word boundaries
final /ɜː/
Intrusive /ɹ/
There is no /ɹ/ in the spelling
/ɑː ɔː ǝ/ and diphthongs terminating
in /ǝ/
Epenthesis
The insertion into a word of a
segment which was previously absent
Contemporary assimilation and elision
There is an ideal form
Speakers may optionally change or omit sounds
The process depends on the phonetic context
Historical assimilation and elision
when the original form disappeared over time
The changed form became the standard pronunciation.
Silent letters
Are the result of historical elision
Systematic sound changes to ease articulation.
It means
main types
It means
Where
where
restored as a
when
heard after
heard after
which is