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reproduction in humans(anna) - Coggle Diagram
reproduction in humans
(anna)
reproduction
is the production of new organisms
it is important for the continuation of life of a living organism at any given time by producing offspring
sexual reproduction
: a type of reproduction whereby two gametes fuse together to form a fertilised cell/zygote
e.g:
fertilisation
mature egg is about to release from one of the ovaries into the fallopian tube which is known as ovulation
during sexual intercourse,semen which contains millions of sperms is discharged in the vagina. the sperms swim towards the fallopian tube from the vagina to meet the mature egg. the egg is surrounded by millions of sperms . Only one sperm can penetrate and fertilise it. the fertilised egg is call zygote.
the zygote starts to moves towards the uterus with the help of tiny hairs on the wall of the fallopian tube. at the same time
(the zygote starts to divide into a ball of cells called embryo)
about seven days , the embryo reaches the uterus . Subsequently, the embryo embeds itself into the uterine wall.(
implantation
)
functions of the placenta:1. deliver nutrients and oxygen to the foetus
to remove waste substances and carbon dioxide from the baby
the mother's blood and the baby's blood do not mix in the placenta
menstrual cycle
with
every
menstrual cycle a woman's body prepares for a possible pregenancy
a mature
egg
is released during
each
menstrual
cycle
menstruation
refers to the periodic shedding of the uterine lining. it is the
first sign
of puberty in girls
ovulation
is the release of mature egg into the fallopian tubes from one of the ovaries
menstrual cycle lasts for an average of 28 days
the cycle affect by these factors: emotional disturbance,stress,mental fatigue,illness , unbalanced diet or malnutrition
1-5: uterine lining , blood and the unfertilised egg are discharged through the vaginea to the outside of the body
*6-10 the uterine lining starts to repair and thicken due to the effect of oestrogen
*11-17 the ovulation usually occurs on day 14 of the cycle. a mature egg is expected to release from one of the ovaries.
*18-28the uterine lining is maintained and continues to thicken to prepare for implantation due to the effect of progesterone
the egg is released into the fallopian tube for possible fertilisation
hence ,day11-17 are called fertile period because a woman is likely to get pregnant if she has sexual intercourse
PUBERTY
the period of human growth and development in which a boy and a girl can become parents
boys 12-14 years old
testosterone
production of sperms/penis and testes increase in size/voice deepens/
growth of pubic hair and armpit hair/growth spurt
girls 10-12 years old
sex hormones:oestrogen,progesterone
production of mature egg or ovulation starts/breasts enlarge and hips broaden/
growth of pubic hair and armpit hair
/onset of menstruation /
growth spurt
MALE
2to discharge sperms to female reproduction system
3to produce and secrete male sex hormones called testosterone
1.produce ,store and transport sperms
testes outside body. this allow the testes to maintain a temperature below the body temperature because the sperms can develop better at a lower temperature
seminal vesicles:produce seminal fluid called semen which is mixed with sperms
vas deferens:carries sperms from testes to urethra
urethra:carries urine and semen to the outside of the body at different times
scrtotum:hold tested outside the body
penis:organ which depostis semen containing sperms in a woman 's vagina during sexual intercourse
testis:produce sperms and male hormones called testosterone
epididymis:stores sperms temporaily
egg
sperm
divides into three parts:head,middle piece,tail
23,small/nucleus is in the head
released in millions in each ejacution
can move on its own with the help of the tail
spherical cell
cannot move on its own/ in the cell the nucleus
23 chromosomes,big size
released one in each month
FEMALE
produce mature eggs for reporduction
produce female sex hormones called oestrogen and progesterone
ovary:produce mature eggs or ova(1ovum )produces female sex hormones
ovum is NOT stored in the fallopian tubes
fallopian tubes:allow fertilisation to take place
uterus:allow implantation of embryo for gowth and development
cervix: a narrow opening which widens during childbirth
vagina: a muscular organ where sperms are deposited