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ch5- research methods - Coggle Diagram

- - - - what
    - - under what conditions
  - - - testable hypothesis
        
        research design
        
        data collection and analysis
        
        pulblication
        
        theory development
  - - - to organize and explain observations
      - informs hypothesis
        
        variable
        
        categoical
        
        continuous
    - - representative sample
        
        sampling bias
      - conditions reflective of real world
        
        external validity
    - - measure (ground the abstract)
        
        validity
        
        internal
        
        tests hypothesis
        
        external
        
        generalisable
        
        validation - corroboration
        
        reliable
        
        retest
        
        internal consistency
        
        interater
      - using multiple measures balances unavoidable error
  - - - causality
      - independent variable
        
        control the conditions
      - dependent variable
      - experimental procedure >>
        
        frame hypothesis that predicts variable relationships
        
        operationalise variable - into a measure
        
        develop standardised procedure
        
        demand characteristics
        
        placebo effect
        
        single blind
        
        researcher bias
        
        double blind
        
        participant selection
        
        minimize confounding variables
        
        apply stats
        
        3 more items...
        
        control groups
  - - - for complex phenomena but hard to generalise
        
        hermeneutic approach
        
        underlying subjective meanings
        
        in depth interviews
        
        limitations
        
        generalisabilty
        
        multiple case studies or follow up studies
        
        researcher bias
        
        cherry picking
        
        to expand on sample from qualitative study
    - - limitations
        
        aware of being watched
        
        participant-observer
        
        be inconspicuous
        
        generaisability
      - eg playground, jungle
      - good for initial data
    - - large sample
        
        selection
        
        random
        
        stratified
      - limiations
        
        self reporting - many confounding biases and motivations
    - - one variable predicts another
        
        not causation
      - most often multiple surveys
      - terms
        
        correlation coefficient
        
        -1-+1
        
        correlation matrix
    - - EEG
      - CAT
      - MRI
        
        DTI
        
        DWI
        
        fmri
        
        magnet pulse
      - PET
        
        radiaoactive glucose
- - - - methodology
        
        methods
      - positivism
      - interpretivism
      - critical theory
        
        underlying structures
  - - - grounded Theory
      - phenomenology
      - ethnography
      - case study
      - Action research
      - what types of questions
      - what aspects of phenomena
  - - - systematic and rigorous
      - sensitive to context
      - reflexive
      - few participants
      - ehtics
        
        cultural competence
- - - - unavoidable
      - reasonable
      - voluntary
      - debriefed
- - - - key terms
      - hypothesis
    - - so what?
    - - representatitve
  - - - ~30% reproducability
        
        views
        
        to be expected in social science?
        
        systemic problems?
        
        prestige
  - - - straw man
      - popularity
      - authority
      - personal attacks