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why had international peace collapsed by 1939 - Coggle Diagram
why had international peace collapsed by 1939
rise of agressive dictators
hitler
rise to power
-- he was born in austria and serverd in WWI and was upset by germanys defeat
--joined nazi party in 1919
--failed munich putsch in 1923 and when arrested wrote mein kampf
his aims
-destroy ToV
-rearm germany
-unite all german speakers
-destory comunism
-establish racial suprememcy
why he was so dangoures
-his goals where not secret
-people didnt belive he meanrt it
-he was a good speaker
-he took lots of risks
his actions
1933-withdrew germany from the LoN
1935-announced rearmemt
1936-remilliotresed the rhine land
1936-39-spanish civel war
1938-ansuchluss with austria dmeanded and got the suttenland
1939-occupied the rest of czhelovakia
1939-signed nazi soviet pact
1939-INVADED poland and decleard
mussolini
rise to power
-italy fought for the allies in WWI but felt cheated at versaille
-he was promised a lot bhut recived very litle which caused him to feel humiliated
-their was ecenomic chaos widespread unemploymet and fear of comuuism
-mussolini was made prime minster in march 1922
-by mid 1920s he was a dictator
his aims
-bring back glory to the roman empure
-gain terririry in africa or the balkans.
-prove italian strength and overcome the humiltation of the treayu
his actions
-bombed and took over corfu from greece
-invaded abysenia
-used poisnes gases against weak abysenias
the leauge imposed oil sanctions but excluded oil so he stayed rich.
-
why he was significant
his aggression shows the league couldn’t enforce collective security to powerful people
-his alliance with Hitler created a powerful flashiest control over Europe
-looosing Abyssinia made lots of democratic countries loose faith in the leauge
Japan millitarists
Context
-Japan had been an ally in WWI and gained some land
-they felt disrespected at Versailles
-military officers gained increasing influence over the government by the 1920s
the Great Depression hit Japan hard.
-the military’s solution was to take over land in Asia
Aims
-build Japanese empire across east Asia
-secure raw materials like oil iron and rubber as japan had very few
push western powers out of Asia
actions
-japanse army blew up a section of their railway and blamed china
-used this as an excuse to invade Manchuria which was in northern china
-china apeeled this to the league
-leauge sent Lytton commission to investigate
-when japan was found guilty they left the leauge and faced no military consequences
1937 full invasion
murder hundreds of thousands of Chinese civullince to show their milatry was strong
why japan mattered
manchuria((1931) was the first proper test of the leauge and it failed
which showed powerful age resets were more powerful than th leauge
encouraged ussolini and Hitler as if they could get away with it so could they
Apeesment
What was apeesment
the policy of brittan and France during the 1930s
every time Hitler made a meant they gave in rather than fighting back
it was based on a belief that meeting Hitler demands would satisfy him and conserve peace
why did brittan and France appease
WWI had killed 17m people
both countries where anti wat as they couldn’t ask their country to go fight
11 million britts voted for disarmament
military unpreparedness
brittan had disarmed heaviily through the 1920s
the RAF and army where nowhere near ready for a major war
appeasement gave them time to rearm
belief Hitler demands where reasonable
many British politicians feel Versailles was too harsh
Hitler united Germany speaking people was one of Wilson’s 14 points
was unfair to deny Germans stuck in Austria and sudentanlad the right to join Germany
fear of communisim
many in brittan and France feared the ussr more than Hitler
saw maxi Germany as a buffer against soviet comunisim
better to have strong Germany than communist Europe
USA was isolationest
brittan and France knew they couldn’t rely in the USA for support
fighting hilter without usa was impossible
wanted to avoid a war they could loose
Economically weak
the depression hit brittan and France hard
reaement was expensive
Timeline of events
hitler sent troops into Rhineland
France did nothing
Britain provtly said germy had the right to trooops i his border
Hitler learned apessmet would work
ansuchulls
hitler pressured Austrias chandler to hand over power
german troops marched into Austria in march 1938 to cheers
brittan and France did nothing eve tthough Versailles forbid it
Sudetenland crisis
suddentald was part of Czech with 3 million German speakers
hitler demanded it be handed to Germany claiming Germans where being persecuted
Czech had a strong army and wanted to fight as they had a treaty with France but they ignored it
Munich agreement
chamberlin flew to meeet Hitler three times in two weeks
Czech wasn’t invited to the meeting about is own territory
they agreed the sudentaland should be handed to Germany immediately
in return Hitler promised it was their last military demand
Czech was abandoned
6 months later Hitler occupies rest of Czech which was not German speaking so proved his promises where worthless
chamberlin realised appeasement had failed
brittan and France said if Hitler invaded Poland it was war
Nazi soviet pact
hitler and Stalin agreed to to attack each other and divided Eastern between them
Was appeasement the right policy
possitives
Britain was not ready for war in 1938
the public didn’t want war
People didn’t expect Hitler to break the much pact
negitaves
encocruegd Hitler
Czech had a strong army and the sudentanland had excellent fortifications
ussr wasn’t consulted which pushed him towards the nazi soviet pact
Who was more to blame Hitler or chamberlain
chamberlain
his policy’s gave Hitler the confidence to keep pushing
Muncich lead to the destruction of Czech
failed to build anti hilter alliance with the ussr
Hitler
made the choices and broke all agreements
no appeasement could of satisfied his Albion’s
wanted war
Hitler spefic actions
Hitler takes power
Jan 1933
-as soon as he got put into power he secretly began to ream by rebuilding the airforce
Oct 1933
left the leauge and walked out of disbarment confrence
claimed Germany was being treated unfairly
faced no consequences
setbacks (1934)
failed ansuchuuss attempt
Austrian Mazzini murdered Austrian chancellor
Hitler hoped to seize Austria
Mussolini moved 100k troops to the border and threatened war if Hitler intervented as Germany wasn’t strong
showed Mussolini was not yet Hitler ally
confidence growing
saar plebicite
saar region had been under leauges controll since versaille
after 15 years 90% voted to return to Germany
Hitler used mass peoganda
rearmament annoucnced
hitler announced conscription and a new airforce
Brittan France and Italy all condemned it but did nothing even though it breached Versailles
anglo German navel agreement
brittan secretly agreed a deal where Germany could have a navy 35% of brittans
signed without consulting France or Italy
France was furious
signiel to Hitler that brittan was weak