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chapter 7 - Coggle Diagram
chapter 7
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Large, multicellular organisms (like mammals) have:
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High‑Altitude Animals (e.g., llamas)
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Valves
AV valves (tricuspid, bicuspid)
Semilunar valves (aortic, pulmonary)
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Diffusion alone is too slow → so mammals evolved a double circulatory system and a mass transport system (blood).
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Plasma is essential for transport, pH buffering, and heat distribution.
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- First O₂ binds slowly → haemoglobin changes shape.
- Shape change increases affinity → second and third O₂ bind easily.
- Fourth O₂ binds slowly (fewer sites left).
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- CO₂ dissolves → carbonic acid forms.
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- Haemoglobin changes shape.
- Affinity for O₂ decreases.
- More O₂ released to respiring tissues.
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