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Transport & Defense Systems - Coggle Diagram
Transport & Defense Systems
Gas Exchange
Evolution of Respiratory Surfaces
Gills (aquatic)
Tracheal Systems (insects)
Skin (diffusion)
Lungs (terrestrial animals)
How Breathing Works
Ventilation- inhalation vs. exhalation
Gas Exchange- Alveoli (large surface area)
Pressure Changes- Negative pressure breathing (humans)
Transport of Gas
Carbon Dioxide- Dissolved, bicarbonate ions, hemoglobin
Bohr Shift- Helps release O2 where needed
Oxygen- Bind to hemoglobin
Circulation
Role of Circulation
Function- Transport O2, CO2, nutrients, wastes, horomones
Exchange Surfaces. Diffusion across membranes
Types- Open Circulatory & Closed Circulatory
Blood Vessels & Blood Pressure
Arteries- thick, high pressure
Veins- valves, low pressure
Capillaries- exchange of gases & nutrients
Blood Pressure- Systolic & Diastolic
Blood Components
Plasma- the liquid matrix
Red Blood Cells- hemoglobin (carry O2)
White Blood Cells- immune defense
Plateletes- clotting
Immune System
Innate Immunity
Features- Non-specific, immediate response
Second Line- phagocytic cells, inflammation, fever
First Line- Skin, mucous membranes
Types of Immunity
Passive Immunity- From another source (antibodies)
Humoral Immunity- B cells (antibodies)
Active Immunity- From infection or vaccination
Cell-mediated Immunity- T cells
Disorders of Immune Function
Autoimmune Diseases- Body attacks itself
Immunodeficiency- HIV/AIDS
Allergies- Overreaction to harmless substances
Adaptive Immunity
Lymphocytes- B cells & T cells
Immunological Memory
Specific Defense- Targets particular pathogens