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Energy Flow in Cells (Cellular Respiration & Fermentation) - Coggle…
Energy Flow in Cells (Cellular Respiration & Fermentation)
Cellular Respiration
Subtopic A: Glycolysis
Definition: First step of respiration (in cytoplasm)
Detail:
No O₂ required
Glucose → 2 Pyruvate
Produces:
2 ATP
2 NADH
Example: Intense exercise in muscle cells
Subtopic B: Pyruvate Oxidation
Definition: Pyruvate → Acetyl-CoA (enters Krebs cycle)
Detail:
Occurs in mitochondria
Produces:
NADH
CO₂
Example: The conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria of heart muscle cells during aerobic exercise
Subtopic C: Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Definition: Breaks down Acetyl-CoA
Detail:
Produces:
2 ATP
NADH
FADH₂
CO₂
Example: Metabolic breakdown of Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria of a runner's leg muscles
Subtopic D: Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Definition: Uses electrons to make ATP
Detail:
Needs O₂
Produces ~28-32 ATP
Uses:
NADH
FADH₂
Creates proton gradient (H⁺) → ATP synthase
Fermentation
Subtopic E: Alcohol Fermentation
Details: Pyruvate → Ethanol + CO₂
Occurs in yeast
Example: Bread / alcohol production 🍺
Subtopic F: Lactic Acid Fermentation
Details: Pyruvate → Lactic acid
No CO₂ released
Example: Muscle cells
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Branch 3: Energy Carriers
Definition: Molecules that carry high-energy electrons
Types: NADH
FADH₂
Function: Deliver electrons to ETC
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Branch 4: Redox Reactions
Definition: Transfer of electrons
Rule: Oxidation = loses electrons (OIL)
Reduction = gains electrons (RIG)
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Branch 5: Types of Organisms
Obligate Anaerobes: Cannot live with O₂
Facultative Anaerobes: Can live with or without O₂
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Branch 6: ATP Production
Total ATP: ≈ 32 ATP per glucose
Where:
Glycolysis → 2 ATP
Krebs → 2 ATP
ETC → most ATP