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Chapter 9 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 9
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Chapter 10
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Alternative mechanisms of carbon fixation have evolved in hot, arid climates
C3 plants, initial fixation of CO2, via rubisco, forms a 3 carbon compound
In photorespiration, rubisco binds with O2 instead
of CO2, producing a two-carbon compound
C4 plants minimize cost of photorespiration by incorporating CO2 into 4 carbon compound as the first product of Calvin cycle
Photosynthesis begins in mesophyll cells, but completed in bundle-sheath cells, cells arranged in tightly packed sheaths around leaf veins
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After pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules
In eukaryotic cells, if O2 is present, pyruvate enters
a mitochondrion to complete glucose oxidation
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Because 2 pyruvate are produced per glucose, the
cycle runs twice per glucose molecule consumed
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During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis
NADH and FADH2 produced during glycolysis and citric acid cycle account for most energy extracted from glucose
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H+ moves down concentration gradient back across the membrane, passing through ATP synthase
chemiosmosis, the use of
energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work
The H+ gradient is referred to as a proton-motive
force, emphasizing its capacity to do work
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