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info processing - Coggle Diagram
info processing
schema
recall schema- initiates movement before action. memory's of how to perform an action must be accessed before doing the action.
- initial conditions: info from the environment
- response specification: information about what to do, whats expected?
in sport, schemas are drawn upon for an appropriate response to a stimuli, what you think would be the best way to respond
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recognition schema- occurs during an action, and controls the movement
- sensory consequences: info about the feel of the movement, and the senses.
- response outcome: info about the result of the action, if the action was successful the schema was successful
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varying practice helps update schemas, can apply them to more situations.
response, movement, reaction time
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simple reaction time- one response to one stimulus
choice reaction time- multiple stimuli or responses (slower)
hicks law- as the number of choices increase, so does reaction time. if players are familiar with their environment, this can be helped.
single channel hypothesis- the idea that a secon stimulus can't be attended to until the first stimulus has been attended to. the stimulus's have to wait their turn.
the psychological refractory period- the period of time where there are more than one stimuli present, but the first has to be responded to before responding to the second. can use this to your advantage against opposition, quickly changing direction
improving response time: improving fitness levels, mental practice, using anticipation, learning to concentrate and focus.
whitings model
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- input. involves the senses: balance, touch, kinesthesis, see, hear.
- decision making. this is where we focus on one sense and funnel it down. perceptual mechanism sorts through all the information, translatory mechanism decideds which is the most important and what we should attend.
- output. the translatory mechanism sends its decision to the effector mechanism which crafts a response. the effector mechanism then sends an electrical signal to the muscles to coordinate the planned response.
- feedback. the response is produced, and we either recieve positive or negative feedback based on the results of our response.
the working memory model
visuospatial sketchpad- temporarily holds visual and spatial information, helps you to remember what you saw and see things.
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inner scribe- stores spatial info, movement
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central executive- controls what goes into the working memory and controls which of the slave systems it will use.
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basic info processing
INPUT- we have 5 different senses that we use in sport: balance, touch, sight, hearing, and kinesthesis. these are entered and are a part of the stimulus identification.
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touch- the feeling of the equipment being held, football touching foot
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sight- the ball moving towards an opposition player in netball, need to defend.
kinesthesis- the feeling of whether what you're doing is correct, pirouette, turning the right way?
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DECISION MAKING- information overload, need to choose which piece of information to focus on: SELECTIVE ATTENTION. how do we perceive the information we are being given?
DCR: detection, comparison, recognition (ALL PART OF PERCEPTION)
FEEDBACK- information is received as a result of the output, and can be used for a future input. feedback can be received both intrinsically (KOP/ KOR) or extrinsically (info from coach or surroundings)
anticipation
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temporal anticipation- pre-judgements based on time
spatial anticipation- prejudging where and what the stimulus is
correct anticipation would mean that the response time is faster, but incorrect anticipation means the PRP will kick in