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Chapter 42-43, . - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cardiovascular system
        
        Circulatory fluid
        
        Types of circulatory systems
        
        Open Circulatory System
        
        Fluid contains Hemolymph and mixes with interstitial fluid and surrounds the organs
        
        Requires less energy
        
        More useful for smaller organisms
        
        Closed Circulatory System
        
        Interlined with various blood vessels
        
        Requires more energy
        
        More useful for bigger organism
        
        Can move blood to all organs in the body
        
        Has various blood vessels
        
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        A set of interconnecting vessels
        
        A muscular pump, the HEART
  - - - Systolic: Contraction, or pumping of the heart
      - Diastolic: Relaxation or filling phase of the heart
        
        Cardiac Output: Volume of blood pumped into circulation per minute and depends on two factors
        
        Heart Rate: Number of beats per minute
        
        Blood pressure
        
        Systolic Pressure: Pressure in the arteries during ventricular systole
        
        Diastolic pressure: Pressure of arteries during diastole, when the ventricles are relaxed
        
        Regulation
        
        Vasodilation: Increase in diameter of the arterioles
        
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        Vasoconstriction: Narrowing of arterioles walls
        
        Stroke volume: Amount of blood in a single contraction
        
        Valves of the heart
        
        Semilunar Valve: Controls blood flow to the aorta and pulmonary artery
        
        Heart Murmur: Backflo9w of blood due to a defective valve
        
        Atrioventricular valve: Separates atrium and ventricle
  - - - Sinoatrial node (SA): Also known as the pacemaker and sets the timing and rate
        
        Atrioventricular (AV) node: Next impulses that are delayed and travel to the......
        
        Bundle Branches
        
        Purkinje Fibers
        
        Pacemaker regulation
        
        Parasympathetic NS: Slows down the pacemaker
        
        Sympathetic NS: Speeds up the pacemaker
  - - - Hemoglobin: Iron containing protein that binds to oxygen and transport O2
        
        Erythropoietin (EPO): stimulates the production of erythrocytes when O2 delivery is low
  - - - Hypertension: Also known as high blood pressure
- - - - Innate Immunity
        
        You are born with this immunity
        
        General protection
        
        Quick response
      - Adaptive Immunity
        
        Develops overtime
        
        Highly specific
        
        Slower response
  - - - B Cells
      - Cytotoxin cells
        
        Use toxic proteins to kills cells infected by viruses or other intracellular pathogens
      - T Cells
      - Plasma cells
    - - Mast cells
      - NKC
      - Macrophages: Migrate through the body or reside permanetly in organs or tissue
      - Endritic cells: Stimulates the development of adaptive immunity
      - Eosinophils: Discharge destructive enzymes against parasites
      - Interferons mono cells: Allows for viruses to be handled under control
      - Basophils
      - Neutrophils: Circulate in the blood and are attracted by dead tissue
  - - - antigen-presenting cell: Antigen must be displayed on the surface of this
- - - - Myoglobin: Proteins that diving animals or can allow for stored oxygen
- - - - Lymph nodes: Organs that filter the lymph and play an important role in the body defenses