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George Velis Period 3 Reproductive System - Coggle Diagram
George Velis Period 3 Reproductive System
Major functions of the Reproductive system (male and female
Male
:
The male reproductive system produces sperm cells and delivers them to the female body. It also produces testosterone, which controls male traits like deeper voice and body hair.
Female
:
The female reproductive system produces eggs and supports fertilization. It also protects and nourishes a developing embryo and fetus, and produces hormones that regulate the reproductive cycle.
Anatomy of male reproductive structures
Testes
: The testes are the primary organs that produce sperm and the hormone testosterone.
Scrotum
: The scrotum is a sac that holds the testes outside the body to keep them cooler, which is necessary for sperm production.
Epididymis
: This is a coiled tube where sperm mature and are stored until they are ready to be released.
Vas Deferens:
A tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra.
Seminal Vesicles & Prostate:
These glands produce fluids that mix with sperm to form semen and help nourish and protect sperm.
Penis & Urethra:
The penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive system. The urethra is the tube that carries semen out of the body as well as urine.
Anatomy of female reproductive structure
Ovaries
: The ovaries produce eggs (ova) and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Fallopian Tubes:
These tubes carry the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Fertilization usually occurs here.
Uterus
: A muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.
Cervix
: The lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina and controls passage between them.
Vagina
: A canal that receives sperm and serves as the birth canal during childbirth.
Vulva
: The external structures that protect the openings of the reproductive system.
Hormones of the reproductive system (male and female)
Male Hormones:
Testosterone is the main male hormone and controls sperm production and male characteristics. FSH and LH regulate sperm production and testosterone release.
Female Hormones:
Estrogen helps develop the uterine lining and female traits. Progesterone maintains the lining for pregnancy. FSH and LH control egg development and ovulation.
Events of the female hormonal cycles (be sure to include all categories)
Menstrual Phase:
If no pregnancy occurs, the uterine lining sheds and leaves the body as menstruation, thus the cycle repeating.
Follicular Phase:
FSH stimulates a follicle in the ovary to develop. As the follicle grows, estrogen levels rise, which helps rebuild and thicken the uterine lining in preparation for a possible pregnancy.
Ovulation:
A surge in LH causes the mature egg to be released from the ovary into the fallopian tube. This is the time when fertilization is most likely to occur, and the egg remains viable for about 24 hours.
Luteal Phase
: empty follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone. This hormone maintains the uterine lining and prepares the body for implantation of a fertilized egg.
If No Fertilization:
the corpus luteum breaks down, causing estrogen and progesterone levels to drop. This leads to the shedding of the uterine lining.
Disorders associated with the reproductive system (including STI’s)
Chlamydia
is a common bacterial infection that often has no symptoms but can damage the reproductive organs and lead to infertility if untreated. It is cured with antibiotics.
Gonorrhea
is another bacterial infection that affects the reproductive tract and can cause pain, discharge, and complications if not treated. It is also cured with antibiotics.
Syphilis
is a bacterial infection that progresses in stages and can cause serious damage to organs over time. It is treatable and curable with antibiotics, especially if caught early.
HIV/AIDS
is a viral infection that attacks the immune system and weakens the body’s ability to fight infections. There is no cure, but it can be managed with lifelong antiviral medications.
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
is a viral infection that can cause genital warts and increase the risk of cancers such as cervical cancer. There is no cure, but vaccines can prevent many types, and treatments manage symptoms.
Methods and Classification of contraceptives
Barrier Methods:
These physically block sperm from reaching the egg, such as condoms and diaphragms.
Hormonal Methods:
These use hormones to prevent ovulation or change the uterine environment, such as birth control pills or IUDs.
Surgical Methods:
Permanent procedures like vasectomy or tubal ligation prevent sperm and egg from meeting.
Natural Methods:
These involve avoiding sex or tracking fertility to prevent pregnancy.