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Chapter 8 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8
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Forms of Energy
Energy is the capacity to cause change, can be used to do work--move matter against opposing forces, such as gravity and friction
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Free energy
Change
Free energy change is the portion of a system's
energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
Change in free energy during a reaction is related to temperature and changes in enthalpy and entropy
Free energy can be thought of as a measure of a systems stability; unstable systems (higher G) tend to become more stable (lower G)
Equilibrium, the point at which forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, describes a state of maximum stability
- Systems never spontaneously move away from equilibrium
- A process is spontaneous and can perform work only when it is moving toward equilibrium
ATP Powers
Cellular Work
Cell performs three main functions
--Chemical Work pushes endergonic reactions
--Transport work pumps substances across membranes against the direction of spontaneous movement
--Mechanical work such as beating cilia or contracting muscle cells
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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrogenous base), and three phosphate groups
Cellular Work (mechanical, transport, and chemical) is powered by ATP hydrolysis
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