Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Environmental global governance - Coggle Diagram
Environmental global governance
The UN
The UNFCCC
Established in 1992
They organise COP conferences
Purpose - to ensure that states are continuously involved in climate discussions and negotiations so that national policy is aligned
IPCC
Established in 1988
To ensure that states are kept up to date with scientific findings, essential for policy making - AIDS the UNFCCC
Was the body that recognised that global warming needed to be kept below 2 degrees to prevent irreversible damage
Copenhagen - 2009
Supposed to replace the Kyoto protocol which was becoming outdated
Tried to provide a more comprehensive approach
Successes:
Didn't make the BRIC countries exempt which meant it was more comprehensive and very much encouraged collective action
It had near universal ratification???
Emphasised the need for developed states to moblilise funds to help developing states like China and India to develop more sustainably - in 2020, 100 billion was raised!
Failures:
Emphasis on voluntary action means that states weren't sanctioned for not abiding by its policies
Rio - 1992
Necessary because it had been 20 years since the Stockholm conference and state policy needed to be updated
Successes:
Established the intrinsic link between human rights and environmental health...establishing things such as...
The individual right to a healthy and clean environment
States were allowed to exploit their own resources but not to the expense of other states
Failures:
Like the Copenhagen agreement, emphasis on voluntary action meant that states weren't sanctioned for not taking part
Kyoto - 1997
Successes:
Established legally binding goals
In order to ensure mass participation, it was necessary for 55 states to ratify the protocol before it came into effect (all of which made up 55% of global carbon emissions)
Recognised not only the extent of the crisis but also the need for state to mitigate and adapt
Failure:
Didn't come into action until 2005 (a decade after the initial agreement and halfway through the length of the protocol)
Was set to terminate in 2012
Uncomprehensive, BRIC countries were largely excempt - including China who never ratified the protocol and increased its emissions by 300%!
Paris
President Bush pulled out of this