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π¬π§ THE UNITED KINGDOM - Coggle Diagram
π¬π§ THE UNITED KINGDOM
π§ Composition
β’ The UK is made up of:
β’ England
β’ Scotland
β’ Northern Ireland
β’ Wales
β’ Great Britain = only England
β’ About 37 million tourists per year
π Why visit the UK
β’ ποΈ Rich cultural heritage:
β’ monuments, museums, churches, castles, palaces
β’ π Fascinating history:
β’ invasions, wars, empire
β’ ποΈ Important cities:
β’ Bath, Brighton, Oxford, Edinburgh, Liverpool, York
β’ π Varied landscapes:
β’ mountains, countryside, beaches, rivers, lakes
β’ π Efficient transport system
πΊ A TOUR OF BRITISH HISTORY
β³ Main periods
β’ Prehistory (Neolithic)
β’ Stonehenge (over 5,000 years old)
β’ Roman period (43 AD β 410 AD)
β’ Britain part of the Roman Empire
β’ Roman baths in Bath
β’ Vikings (8thβ11th century)
β’ Invasion in 793
β’ York β archaeological site + Jorvik Centre
β’ Normans (1066)
β’ Built castles and churches
β’ Canterbury Cathedral
β’ Shakespeare (16thβ17th century)
β’ Stratford-upon-Avon (birthplace)
β’ Victorian Age (19thβ20th century)
β’ Balmoral Castle (Royal Family)
β’ Industrial Revolution (18thβ19th century)
β’ Iron Bridge (1781)
β’ symbol of industrialisation
π΄ VISIT ENGLAND
π South Coast
β’ Brighton
β’ nightlife, art, festivals
β’ attractions:
β’ Brighton Pavilion
β’ Brighton Palace Pier
β’ Bognor Regis
β’ sunny seaside resort
β’ Jurassic Coast
β’ UNESCO site
β’ 185 million years of geological history
β’ fossils
β’ New Forest
β’ forest with wild ponies
ποΈ Midlands
β’ Birmingham
β’ second largest city
β’ canals
β’ Bullring shopping centre
β’ Peak District
β’ first national park (1951)
β’ hiking and cycling
β’ Buxton
β’ spa town + caves
β’ Chatsworth House
β’ historic residence
β’ Nottingham
β’ Sherwood Forest (Robin Hood)
β’ Robin Hood Festival
π North
β’ Manchester
β’ key role in Industrial Revolution
β’ modern cultural city
β’ Liverpool
β’ historic port
β’ home of The Beatles
β’ York
β’ Roman city
β’ York Minster (Gothic cathedral)
β’ National Railway Museum
π¬π§ LONDON CALLING!
π Features
β’ About 20 million visitors
β’ mix of history and modernity
β’ main attractions:
β’ Buckingham Palace
β’ Trafalgar Square
β’ Piccadilly Circus
β’ Oxford Street, Harrods
β’ parks
ποΈ Roman & Medieval London
β’ 43 AD: founded as Londinium
β’ 60 AD: destroyed and rebuilt
β’ The City (Square Mile) = financial centre
β’ 1066: Norman invasion
β’ Tower of London
β’ Westminster Abbey
π 16thβ17th centuries
β’ Tudor monarchs:
β’ Henry VIII
β’ Elizabeth I
β’ palaces and parks (Richmond Park)
β’ Shakespeareβs Globe
β’ St Paulβs Cathedral (rebuilt after fire)
π Victorian London
β’ peak of British Empire
β’ city expansion
β’ 1851: Great Exhibition
β’ development of:
β’ museums (Natural History, V&A)
β’ department stores (Harrods)
β’ infrastructure:
β’ railways
β’ first underground (1862)
β Top Attractions
β’ British Museum
β’ Tate Britain / Tate Modern
β’ Trafalgar Square + Nelsonβs Column
β’ National Gallery
β’ Piccadilly Circus
β’ London Eye
β’ The Shard
β’ Parks:
β’ Hyde Park
β’ Kensington Gardens
π΄ VISIT SCOTLAND
π General facts
β’ 5.2 million people
β’ about 800 islands:
β’ Shetland, Orkney, Hebrides
β’ capital: Edinburgh
π Landscapes
β’ mountains, glens, coasts, lochs
ποΈ Highlands
β’ Stirling β βGateway to the Highlandsβ
β’ Ben Nevis = highest mountain in the UK
β’ Loch Ness β βNessieβ
β’ events:
β’ Highland Games
ποΈ Islands
β’ Hebrides (Inner + Outer)
β’ Isle of Skye
π½οΈ Food
β’ haggis, porridge, salmon,whisky
β’ high-quality meat and seafood
π¬π§ VISIT NORTHERN IRELAND
π Main facts
β’
capital:
Belfast
β’ border with Republic of Ireland
π Attractions
β’ Titanic Belfast
β’ Carrickfergus Castle
β’ Antrim Coast
π Natural sites
β’ Giantβs Causeway (basalt columns)
β’ Bushmills (oldest distillery)
ποΈ Cities
β’ Derry (Londonderry)
β’ only fully walled city
π Lakes
β’ Strangford Lough (70 islands)
β’ Lough Neagh (largest lake in the UK)
π΄ VISIT WALES
π General facts
β’
capital:
Cardiff
β’ bilingual country (English + Welsh)
π Landscape
β’ beautiful coasts
β’ mountains and valleys
ποΈ Mountains
β’ Snowdon (second highest peak in the UK)
β’ Snowdonia National Park
π¬ Nature
β’ wildlife:
β’ sharks, seals, dolphins
βοΈ Industry
β’ coal mining (Big Pit β UNESCO site)