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MECHANISMS, Flagpoles - Coggle Diagram
MECHANISMS
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Linear motion mechanisms transmit motion and force in a straight line from one point to another. Examples include levers and pulleys.
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Rotary → Linear:
Rack and pinion: gear turns → bar moves straight; reversible; used in steering, drills.
Nut and bolt: bolt rotates → nut moves straight (or vice versa); used in taps, car jacks.
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- Rotary motion: circular movement
- Linear motion: straight-line movement
- Reciprocating motion: back-and-forth movement
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• System with two or more pulleys connected by belts.• Motion goes from pulley 1 → pulley 2 → pulley 3 → pulley 4.• Pulleys on the same axle (2 and 3) rotate at the same speed.• Motion is transmitted by belts between pulleys.• All pulleys rotate in the same direction.
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• Depends on the diameters of the pulleys.• Multiply diameters of even-numbered pulleys (2 and 4).• Multiply diameters of odd-numbered pulleys (1 and 3).• Divide the results to get the gear ratio.
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Rack and pinion• Pinion (small gear) on a toothed rack.• Pinion rotation → linear motion of rack.• Reversible: linear motion → rotary motion.• Formula: L = P × Z × N
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N = rotations/min of pinion• Uses: bench drills, corkscrews, car steering.
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Types of motion:• Rotary → linear: rack and pinion, nut and bolt, winch.• Rotary → reciprocating: crank-link slider, crankshaft, cam and eccentric cam.• Reversible: works forwards and backwards.
Nut and bolt• Threaded bolt + matching nut.• Bolt rotates → nut moves linearly (if fixed).• Nut rotates → bolt moves linearly (if fixed).• Uses: taps, car jacks, screw tops.
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If you want, I can make it even shorter, one line per mechanism, perfect for a study “cheat sheet.”
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Friction drive• Two or more wheels in contact.• Drive wheel moves the output wheel.• Wheels rotate in opposite directions.• Speed depends on wheel diameter.• Uses: metal sheets, video players.
Pulleys with belts• Two pulleys connected by a belt.• Axles are parallel.• Both pulleys rotate in the same direction.• Uses: engines, washing machines, drills.
Gear mechanisms (cogwheels)• Wheels with teeth (cogs).• Teeth mesh to transmit motion.• Wheels rotate in opposite directions.• Speed depends on number of teeth.• Uses: machines, cars, drills, mixers.
Worm gear• Screw + gear at 90°.• Each turn moves the gear a few teeth.• Reduces speed and acts as a brake.• Uses: gear reduction, guitar tuning keys, windscreen wipers.
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• System of more than two gears connected together.• Gear 1 drives gear 2; gear 3 rotates with gear 2 and drives gear 4.• Each gear rotates in the opposite direction to the one it meshes with.• Gear ratio depends on the number of teeth:
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Uses: machine tools, robotics, motor vehicle gearboxes, kitchen appliances (mixer, juicer, blender).
Winch (and crank handle)
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A crank handle turns the drum, making lifting easier.
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Balanced winch equation: R×r+F×d\=R×r+F×dR \times r + F \times d = R \times r + F \times dR×r+F×d\=R×r+F×d
r = drum radius, d = crank length
F = force (N), distances in cm
Uses: cranes, roller blinds, coffee grinders, crushing machines
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Rotary motion mechanisms transmit motion in a circular way from the input to the output. Examples are friction drives, pulley systems, gears and worm gears.
Friction driveIt uses two or more wheels that touch each other. The first wheel (drive wheel) moves and makes the second wheel (output wheel) rotate. The output wheel rotates in the opposite direction. The speed depends on the size (diameter) of the wheels. It is used in industry to make metal sheets or move video tape.
Pulleys with beltsThis system has two pulleys connected by a belt. The belt transmits the movement from one pulley to the other. Both pulleys rotate in the same direction. It is used in machines, car engines, washing machines and drills.
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• Two cogwheels with parallel axles separated by a distance.• They are connected by a metal chain or neoprene toothed belt.• The chain transmits rotary motion from gear 1 to gear 2.• Both gears rotate in the same direction.• There is no slippage because the chain fits the teeth.• The gear ratio depends on the number of teeth on the gears.
Uses• Industrial machines.• Bicycles, motorbikes and three-wheeled vehicles.
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Uses: steam trains, internal combustion engines, machine tools.
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Uses: combustion engines, sewing machines.
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pulleys
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A fixed pulley is a wheel with a groove (a long narrow channel) for a rope, chain, or belt to go around.It rotates around an axle, which is a metal rod or shaft fixed to an immobile surface.
A fixed pulley changes the direction of the force, making it easier to lift or lower a load.
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• A crank handle is attached to a cylindrical drum (winch).• Turning the crank rotates the drum to pull or lift loads.• Effort is less than lifting directly because of mechanical advantage.• Longer crank → less effort needed.• Balanced winch equation: R × r = F × d
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r and d = distances (cm)• Uses: roller blinds, coffee grinders, crushing machines, cranes.
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Cam and Camshaft
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Different cam profiles (pointed, slight, brusque) produce different movements.
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Eccentric Cam
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Uses: sewing machines, windscreen wipers.
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