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Aristotle's View on Slavery and Liberty. - Coggle Diagram
Aristotle's View on Slavery and Liberty.
Nature and Cause (Justification)
.
Natural Hierarchy.
In all things, there is a natural distinction between the dominant and the dominated.
Soul over Body.
The natural state is for the soul to rule over the body and for reason to rule over appetite.
Lack of Deliberation.
The slave is someone who can perceive reason but does not possess the "deliberative faculty".
Household Necessity.
To manage a household (oikos), private property and instruments are necessary to satisfy needs that humans cannot fulfill alone.
Definition and Role
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Animated Instrument.
The slave is defined as an "animated possession" or a living tool.
Instrument of Action.
Unlike tools of production (used to make things), the slave is an instrument of action, assisting in the general conduct of life.
Part of the Whole.
The slave is a "separated part" of the master, belonging entirely to them and not to themselves.
Cooperation.
Slavery is seen as a relationship of cooperation where the master provides direction and the slave provides physical force.
Humanity and Limits
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Shared Human Nature.
Aristotle acknowledges that the slave participates in human nature and is not merely an animal.
Possibility of Friendship.
Friendship is not possible toward a slave "as a slave," but it is possible "as a human being" based on shared justice and law.
Limited Virtue.
Slaves possess moral virtues only to the extent necessary to perform their duties without cowardice or lack of self-control
Types of Slavery.
Natural Slavery.
Based on an inherent inability to self-govern or reach "personal autonomy".
Legal Slavery.
Based on convention or war, where the victors claim ownership over the conquered.