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CHINA WATER MANAGEMENT & MEGAPROJECTS - Coggle Diagram
CHINA WATER MANAGEMENT & MEGAPROJECTS
The Crisis
Scarcity
20% global population vs 7% freshwater
North-South Imbalance
Falling Water Tables
Sinking Cities
Groundwater over-extraction
61% cities rely on groundwater
Pollution
Industrial Waste Discharge
Agricultural Runoff
South-to-North Water Transfer Project
Three Canal Routes
Western: Yangtze Rivers to Yellow River
Central: Han River to Beijing
Eastern: Yangtze to Tianjin
Objectives
Transfer 44.8bn cubic meters annually
Support megacity populations
Irrigate northern farmland
Challenges
Relocation of hundreds of thousands
High costs and budget overruns
International tension with downstream nations
Water Ten Plan (2015)
Key Actions
Control Pollution Discharge
Strict groundwater targets
Resource recycling and water
Targeted Industries
Paper and pulp
Textile dyeing
Tanning and Leather
2020 Targets
70% key rivers reach Grade III
93% urban drinking water safety
Capping water use at 670 billion cubic meters
Impacts & Future
Benefits
improved food security
Economic growth boost
Reduced water insecurity
Risks
Ecological damage to Yang
Seismic activity threats
Evaporation losses