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International courts and tribunals - Coggle Diagram
International courts and tribunals
Basics
In the 90s concern over Yugoslavia, Serbia and Rwanda inner conflicts so set up tribunals to punish those who deserved it
Purpose
To bring justice and awareness
To set a global precedent of the reaction and lack of acceptance of war crimes
Develop liberal principle of global community that does not tolerate HR abuses
Make crimes public so they will not be repeated
Yugoslavia tribunal
1993-2017
Convicted and sentenced over 90 war criminals
Made public crimes so harder to deny them
Included evidence showing Mladic and Karadzic link to 97 serbenic massacre
War Criminals sentenced in tribunal
Karadzic - president who allowed serbenic massacre
Mladic - bosnian serb general officer who promoted orders
Cambodia tribunal
1997
Tried the surviving members of the Khmer Rouge gov and handed out 3 life sentences
Gave young cambodians better understanding of what happened
3 life sentences given
Chea - chief political ideologist
Kaing Guek Eav - head of the s21 mass killing centre
Khieu Samphan - foreman head of state
Rwanda tribunal
Happened to punish the killing of 800,000 tutsis in neglected genocide
1997
Convicted 61 individuals for complicity in genocide
International laws developed
Rape can be a form of perpetuating a genocide
Media can be complicit in promoting a genocide
Sierra Leone tribunal
Happened over the fights over the diamond mines and the President Taylor aiding the revolutionary united front in hacking of the limbs of thousands
Taylor given 50 years for complicity
Imprisoned 14 others
Sesay commander of revolutionary united front sentenced 52 years
Reinforces new reality that heads of state will be held to account for war crimes and international crimes
Limitations
Nuremberg
Garmany tried but British were not tired for dropping bomb that killed german refugees
Tokyo
US were allowed to sit in on trial - victors justice
NATO air bombing serbia
Hit civilians so could not be argued was humanitarian intervention but were never held to account
Rwanda
Never tried tutsis for atrocities they committed so reinforces official narrative of war
Liberia
Trial of Taylor held in Hague then imprisoned in the UK so criticised for reinforcing neocolonial stereotypes that africa cannot deliver justice
Saddam Hussein
Allowed him to be tried in Iraq because then could be given death sentence instead of by UN because they cannot
Russia
Vetoed investigation into shooting down of malaysian airline over ukraine because would not serve in their interests