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Alanna Vargas Period 3 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Alanna Vargas Period 3 Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Structures & Functions
Nose / Nasal Cavity
Filters air with hairs and mucus
Warms and moistens air
Contains smell receptors
Paranasal Sinuses
Lighten skull
Produce mucus
Help voice resonance
Pharynx (Throat)
Passageway for air
Divided into:
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Respiratory Volumes & Capacities
Tidal Volume (TV)
Air inhaled/exhaled during normal breathing
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Extra air inhaled after normal breath
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Extra air exhaled after normal breath
Residual Volume (RV)
Air remaining in lungs after exhalation
Vital Capacity (VC)
Maximum air exhaled after maximum inhalation
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Total air lungs can hold
Inspiration vs Expiration
Inspiration (Inhalation)
Diaphragm contracts
Thoracic cavity expands
Lung volume increases
Pressure inside lungs decreases
Air flows into lungs
Expiration (Exhalation)
Diaphragm relaxes
Thoracic cavity decreases
Lung volume decreases
Pressure increases
Air flows out of lungs
Layers of the Pleurae
Pleura
Membrane surrounding lungs
Visceral pleura
Attached directly to lungs
Parietal pleura
Lines chest wall
Pleural cavity
Space between layers
Contains pleural fluid to reduce friction
Disorders of the Respiratory System
Asthma
Airway inflammation
Bronchial constriction
Difficulty breathing
Pneumonia
Alveoli fill with fluid/pus
Reduced gas exchange
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Airflow limitation
Tuberculosis
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lung tissue damage
Lung Cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth
Often linked to smoking
Internal vs External Respiration
External Respiration
Occurs in lungs
Gas exchange between alveoli and blood
O₂ enters blood
CO₂ leaves blood
Internal Respiration
Occurs in body tissues
Gas exchange between blood and cells
Cells receive O₂
CO₂ enters bloodstream
Volume & Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Based on Boyle's Law
Pressure and volume are inversely related
Increased volume → decreased pressure
Decreased volume → increased pressure
Air moves from high pressure to low pressure
Lower Respiratory Structures & Functions
Larynx (Voice Box)
Maintains open airway
Produces sound
Epiglottis prevents food entering airway
Trachea
Windpipe
Cartilage rings keep airway open
Cilia move mucus upward
Bronchi
Right and left main bronchi
Branch into smaller bronchi
Bronchioles
Smaller airways
Regulate airflow
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs
Site of gas exchange
Surrounded by capillaries
Major Functions of the Respiratory System
Gas exchange
Oxygen (O₂) enters blood
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) removed
Regulation of blood pH
CO₂ affects acidity
Voice production
Air passes through vocal cords in larynx
Olfaction (sense of smell)
Olfactory receptors in nasal cavity
Protection
Filters dust, microbes, particles
Mucus and cilia trap contaminants