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Marxist explanations of Crime - Coggle Diagram
Marxist explanations of Crime
Traditional Marxist
Crime is an unavoidable product of capitalism + class inequality , tha+ the economic system generates. laws are Created by the ruling class and the working class are over policed
Crime and deviance are evenly Spread across all classes
Capitalism is Crimonogenic
How Capitalism Creates Criminal Motivation?
Bonger- Causal link between Crime and economic conditions
Gordon- Capitalism creates a climate of Competition and inequality and is a Natural response to poverty
Alienation and Competion are what create Crime
who benefits from the law
Box-Crime is socially constructed by the powerful
uses the example of avoidable Killing due to employer negligence
OCS are manipulated to criminalize the powerless and is unit to Justify More contol and diverts our attention away from Serious crimes
Chambliss - the Ruling class determine what crime is they protect them selves and their private property. The enforcement of law leads to the appearance of more Criminality
Saints + Roughnecks
Snider -the State is reluctant to pass laws that regulate large Corperations and threten profitability
Althessa- ISA + RSA
Pearce - Health and Safety laws preform an ideological function but it's not Keeping you Safe
Capitalist values - > greed + self intrest - > Crime
Task
Middle Class crime - characterised by it's occurrence in a Gray area between legality and morality
white Collar- finacially motivated, non-violent Crimes committed by individuals or organisations
Ponzi schemes such as Bernie Madoff who defrauded investors of $65 Billion through fabricated trades in 2008
wage theft - 2018 cheese cake factory underpaid 559 Janitorial staff
Fraud - Al Capone claimed to have no taxable income
Bribery -Troika laundromat were 70 shell Companies that laundered Billions of dollars and bribed officils to avoid being caught aul stopped
Insider trading - Ivan Boesky gained information on upcoming Corperate takeovers and made vast amounts of cash
Embezzlement - first national bank 1998 - the FBI Charged 4 employees with trying to Steal $70 million by sending it to a "dummy" account in Australia
Racketeering -Racketeering means taking part in an illegal scheme. It could be obtaining a company via illegal activities, using a company to do illegal acts, or operating a company with illegally procured income. Michael Robert Milken pleaded guilty to 98 Counts of racketeering
Sunderland - white Collar Crime is Crime Committed by a person of respectibility
Corporate Crime - illegal acts done in order to meet finacial goals by organisations or individuals
Enron collapse - (the term economics was derived from this) Kenneth lay + Andrew Fastow were found guilty of manipulating the companies financial Statements thy inflated the companies Stock prices
Volkswagen - 2015 illegal software in millions of diesel powered Cars to manipulate emissions tests the company falsely advertised lower emissions resulting in environmental herm. (green Crime)
BP Oil Spill - Deep water horizon rig exploded releasing millions of Barrels of oil into the Ocean damaging reefs Near Mexico. BP was found to have ignored warning and failed to impliment proper Safety procedures
WORLDCOM accounting scandal manipulation of financial Statements to hide billions of $ and inflates the Companies profits
IMCLONE insider trading - Martha Stuart sold her shares in bio tech Company
snider- Corprate Crime costs more in terms of money + lives than Street Crime
Croall - examples of corprete Crimes - Crimes against consumers, Crimes against employees, environital offences, financial Fraud
why aren't they reported?- powerful crimes are indirect, invisible, Complex + hard to prove, less feared Morally ambiguous
Evaluation
Strength
weakness
New criminology
A fusion of Marxism and interactionalism claims the working class ere not passive victims
Taylor, Walton and young were the founders of New Criminology known also known as Radical criminology
Traditional Merxism is to deterministic and structural and ignores autonomy
Blended Structed theories as well as Social action theories Based around economy, inequality, We need a radical transformation.
Marxist subcultural theories