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Lymphatic/Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Lymphatic/Immune System
Major functions of the Lymphatic & Immune systems (include BOTH)
Lymphatic system
returns excess tissue fluid → blood
absorbs fats from digestive tract
transports lymph
houses immune cells
Immune system
protects body from pathogens
identifies foreign cells
destroys infected or abnormal cells
creates immunity
Location of Lymphatic organs and their functions
Lymph nodes
location: along lymph vessels
function: filter lymph, trap bacteria
Spleen
location: upper left abdomen
function: filters blood, removes old RBCs
Thymus
location: behind sternum
function: T cells mature
Tonsils
location: throat
function: trap pathogens from food/air
Bone marrow
location: inside bones
function: produces immune cells
Purpose and examples of First, Second and Third line of defense
First Line
prevents pathogen entry
examples:
skin
mucus
tears
stomach acid
Second Line
innate internal defense
examples:
inflammation
fever
phagocytes
natural killer cells
Third Line
specific immune response
examples:
B cells
T cells
antibodies
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate (natural)
present at birth
fast response
non-specific
examples: skin, inflammation
Adaptive (acquired)
develops after exposure
specific to pathogen
has memory
uses B cells & T cells
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral response
B cells produce antibodies
antibodies bind to antigens
works mainly in body fluids
Cellular response
T cells attack infected cells
cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells
helper T cells activate other immune cells
Antigens and antibodies
Antigen
foreign substance that triggers immune response
Antibody
protein made by B cells
binds to specific antigen
helps destroy pathogen
Artificial vs. Naturally acquired immunity
Naturally acquired
infection exposure
antibodies develop naturally
Artificially acquired
obtained through vaccines
body makes antibodies without disease
Passive vs. Active immunity
Active immunity
body produces antibodies itself
long-lasting
example: infection or vaccine
Passive immunity
antibodies received from another source
temporary
examples:
mother → baby
antibody injections
Cells involved in the immune system and their functions
B cells
produce antibodies
T cells
helper T → activate immune cells
cytotoxic T → kill infected cells
Macrophages
engulf pathogens (phagocytosis)
Neutrophils
first responders to infection
Natural killer cells
destroy infected or cancer cells
Disorders associated with the Immune system
Allergies
overreaction to harmless substances
Autoimmune diseases
immune system attacks own body
examples: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
Immunodeficiency
weak immune response
example: HIV/AIDS