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Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory System
Lower respiratory structures and functions
Trachea
Windpipe carrying air to lungs
C-shaped cartilage rings
Bronchi
2 main branches into lungs
Larynx (voice box)
keeps airway open
Produces sound
Bronchioles
Smaller airways in lungs
Alveoli
Site of gas exchange
Tiny air sacs
Disorders of the respiratory system
Pneumonia
lung infection -> fluid in alveoli
Lung cancer
uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue
emphysema
damage to alveoli -> less oxygen exchange
Bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi
Asthma
narrowed airways -> difficulty of breathing
Major functions of the respiratory system
Voice Production
Air passes through vocal cords
Smell (olfaction)
Odor receptors in nasal cavity
Regulates blood pH
co2 leaves affect acidity
Protection
filters dust, microbes, and particles
Gas Exchange
Oxygen enters blood
Carbon dioxide leaves body
Layers of the pleurae
Parietal pleura
Lines chest wall
Visceral pleura
Covers lungs
Pleural cavity
Space between layers
Pleural fluid
Reduces friction during breathing
Upper respiratory structures and functions
Sinuses
Lighten skull
Help voice resonance
Pharaynx
Passage way for air
connects nasal cavity
Laraynx
Nose
Filters air (hairs+mucus)
Warms and moistens air
Compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
Inspiration
Diaphragm contracts
Thoracic cavity expands
Lung pressure decreases
Air moves into lungs
Expiration
Diaphragm relaxes
Thoracic cavity shrinks
Lung pressure increases
Air moves out
Respiratory volumes and capacities
capacities
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
TV + IRV
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
RV + ERV
Vital Capacity (VC)
TV + IRV + ERV
Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
All lung volumes combined
Volumes
Tidal Volume (TV)
Normal breath in/out
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Extra air inhaled after normal breath
Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Extra air exhaled after normal breath
Residual Volume (RV)
Air left in lungs after forced exhale
Internal vs. external respiration
Internal
Occurs in body tissues
gas exchange between blood cells
External
Occurs in lungs
gas exchange between alveoli and blood
Volume and Pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
Boyle’s Law
Pressure and volume are inversely related
When lung volume increases
Pressure decreases
Air flows in
When lung volume decreases
Pressure increases
Air flows out