Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Organisation of the Organism - Coggle Diagram
Organisation of the Organism
Cell Structure
All living things are made of cells.
New cells are produced by the division of existing cells
All typical eukaryotic cells (multicellular) have:
Cell Membrane: controls movement in and out of cells
Cytoplasm: where chemical/metabolic reactions take place
Nucleus: contains DNA, stores genetic information and controls the activity of the cell
Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration happens
Ribosome: allows protein synthesis in the cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum: Studded with ribosomes, it looks rough under the microscope.
A typical animal cell (e.g., the liver cell) has all the above.
Plant cells especially also have:
Vacuole: cell sap to keep cell turgid
Cell Wall: rigid to hold the shape of the cell, strengthens the cell
Chloroplasts: contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
A typical plant cell (e.g., the palisade cell) has everything above.
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes (Unicellular) DO NOT have mitochondria and a true nucleus.
One example of a prokaryote is bacteria.
A bacterial cell only contains a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and plasmids.
It lacks a nucleus and is represented by a circular chromosome of DNA.
Plasmids are small, circular rings of DNA in the cytoplasm with extra genes outside the chromosomal DNA.
Levels of Organisation
The division of existing cells produces new cells.
Key Terms
Cells: Building Blocks of Life
Tissue: Groups of cells with similar structures working together to perform a shared function
Organ: Group of tissues working together to perform a specific function
Organ system: Group of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions.
Organism: A human
Specialised Cells
Specialised Cells have Specific Functions.
Ciliated Cells
Function: Movement of mucus
Location: Respiratory tract (trachea & bronchi), fallopian tube, testes
Root Hair Cells
Function: Absorption (water & minerals)
Location: Roots
Palisade Mesophyll Cells
Function: Photosynthesis
Location: Leaf cells
Neurones
Function: Conduction of electrical impulses
Location: Throughout the organism (nervous system)
Red Blood Cells
Function: Transport of oxygen
Location: Throughout the body (in blood vessels)
Sperm & Egg Cells (Gametes)
Function: Reproduction
Location: In their respective gonads (testes & ovaries)
Magnification
size of drawing/size of actual image
Unit Conversions (μm - micrometre)
1cm = 10mm
1mm = 1000μm
1μm = 0.001mm
Magnification does NOT have any units (‘x 50’ or ‘x 5000’)