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Animal Physiology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Food processing
  - - - internal distribution of materials
  - - - gas exchange
        
        how you breath
  - - - Disposal of metabolic waste
  - - - metabolism and digestion, growth and devolpment
  - - - gamete production
  - - - coordination of body activities
  - - - protection against injury
  - - - body support movement
  - - - locomotion and other movement
- - - - Secretion
        
        kindeys, thyriod glands and salivary glands
    - - secretion and absorbtion
        
        lines the intestines, absorbing nutrients
    - - exchange of materal by difusion
        
        blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
    - - cilia sweep mucus along the surface and lines respitory tract
    - - found on surfaces
        
        outer skin, mouth, anus, vagina
  - - - found all throughout the body
    - - dense
        
        attach muscle to bone, bones at jionts
    - - osteoblasts, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions
        
        osteons- blood vessels and nerves
    - - stores fat
        
        pads and insulates the body, body uses fat as fuel
    - - chondrocytes secrete the collegen, strong flexible support material
        
        disks that act as cushions between verterbrae
    - - plama, erythroycytes, and leukocytes
        
        red - carries oxygen, white - defense, platelets- blood clotting
  - - - bones to bones, straiated , voluntary movement multi nuclei
    - - lacks striaitons, spindel shaped, involuntary monvemnt
        
        walls of digestive tract, urinary bladder, arteries
    - - straited
        
        heart contractions
  - - - neurons transmit impules to neurons, muscles, ect through axon
    - - nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons
- - - - ectotherms
    - - internal mechanisms to control internal change
        
        endotherms
  - - - room temperature not getting to hot or to cold
    - - maintains a varable
        
        tempurature, if you get to cold, you shiver, shivering helps warm you up
  - - - getting you back to set point
        
        if you are too hot you sweat theat sweat is colling you down trying to get you back to equilibrium
    - - amplifies the stimules
        
        contractions a pregnat women is having while giving birth
  - - - sleep wake up cycle
    - - physiological adjustment response to enioronmental change
        
        increased red blood cells at high altitude
- - - - body temp is based on enviorment
        
        hummans, mammels, birds
        
        poikilothemr
    - - body temperature changes along with environment, gain heat from an external source
        
        reptiles, fishes
        
        homeotherm- constant body temp
  - - - heat you gain from the sun
        
        the back o fhe lizard is heat radiating from the sun
    - - loss of heat
        
        sweating
    - - transfer of heat by air
        
        a breeze blown and you are cold because you lost some heat
    - - transfer of heat between eachother
        
        holding hands, you are exchanging heat
  - - - minimizes the amount of body surface area expose to the sun
        
        dragonfly point there tail upword
    - - emperor penguins huddle up togehter to move and creat heat
  - - - body size, temperaature
- - - - feed on plants and other animals to get nutrients
    - - all organisms require 20 sets of amino acids to make a complete protein
      - many animals and humans need 8 amino acids in diet
        
        eggs meat and chessse are complete
    - - animals get fatty acids from seeds, grains, and vegetables
    - - substance that makes you ill if you dont eat it and are organic molecules
        
        Vitamin A,D,C
    - - inorganic molecules
        
        iron and sulfer
- - - - cattle, sea slugus
    - - eat other animals
        
        spider, hawks, sea otters
    - - consume plants and animals
        
        hummans
  - - - a failure in getting nutrietion
    - - anorexia
    - - deformiteis disease and death
        
        deer cna develop fragile bones depending where they are eating the plants
- - - - the first step
    - - the second stae of food processing
        
        foos is broken into small pieces and gets absorbed
      - mechanical digestoin
        
        chewing and grinding
        
        breaks food into small and smaller peices to swallow
      - chemical digestion
        
        enzymatic breakdown of food
        
        amylase breaks starch
      - absorbtion
        
        the 3 stage
        
        animals cells take up or absorb small molecules- amino acids and simple sugars
    - - the last step
        
        undigested material passes out of digestive system
  - - - maggots that burrow into animal carcasess
  - - - Mosquitoes
  - - - humans and most animals
        
        tentacles, pincers, claws, fangs, jaws,and teeth to kill pray
- - - - teeht smash and grind- breaking foos into smaller pieces
    - - arrival of food triggers saliva
      - mucus
        
        mix of water salts
        
        lubricates food for easier swallowing
  - - - the muscular tube that connects to the stomach
    - - windpipe leads to the lungs
  - - - storage of food and fluid
    - - digestive fluids mixed withthe food through a churning action
  - - - forms the duodenum
    - - secrets bicarbonate