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Community Health Nursing (CHN) - Coggle Diagram
Community Health Nursing (CHN)
1. Foundations of Health
Definition of Health:
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not just the absence of disease.
Dimensions:
Physical, Mental, Emotional, Spiritual, Intellectual, and Social.
Determinants:
Individual: Biology, age, sex, and lifestyle behaviors.
Environmental: Physical environment, water, sanitation, and housing.
Social/Economic: Social environment, education, employment, and culture.
Health Services: Access to and quality of healthcare.
Illness-Wellness Continuum:
A scale ranging from premature death (treatment paradigm) to high-level wellness (wellness paradigm).
Health Indicators: Markers used to measure community health status, monitor progress, and motivate action (e.g., rates, ratios).
2. Community Health Nursing (CHN) Overview
Definitions:
Community: A group of locality-based individuals with common interests, values, or goals.
Public Health: The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts.
Basic Functions of Public Health:
Disease control, environmental sanitation, maternal/child health, health education, laboratory services, and vital statistics.
Core Principles of CHN:
Population-oriented, comprehensive, and holistic practice.
Primary priority is health promotion and disease prevention.
Utilizes measurement, analysis, and management principles.
Hospital vs. Community Nurse:
Hospital: Specialized, curative focus (secondary/tertiary prevention), works in clinical settings as a "hostess".
Community: Generalized, preventative focus (primary prevention), works in homes/schools as a "guest".
3. Community Mental Health
Definition: Includes emotional, psychological, and social well-being; affects thinking, feeling, and action.
Causes of Illness:
No single cause; risk factors include chronic conditions, adverse childhood experiences, biological factors, substance use, and isolation.
Interventions:
Breaking stigma through open communication.
Promoting healthy lifestyles and life skills.
Providing psychological support and referrals for services.
4. Professional Practice Skills
Communication:
Components: Verbal, nonverbal, active listening, cultural competence, and patient education.
Challenges: Geographical barriers, limited privacy, and health misinformation.
Counseling Techniques: Building rapport, empathy, motivational interviewing, goal setting, and follow-up.
Documentation:
Types: Client health records (family folders), community assessments, home visit notes, and electronic records.
Challenges: Limited digital infrastructure and high nurse-patient ratios.
5. Infection Control & Ethics
Infection Control: Preventive measures (hand hygiene, PPE, respiratory hygiene, safe injections) applied in non-hospital settings like schools and primary care units.
Ethics & Client Rights:
Ethical Principles: Beneficence, non-malfeasance, autonomy, justice, integrity, fidelity, and veracity.
Client Rights: Respectful care, complete medical information, informed consent, privacy, and the right to refuse treatment.
Professional Code: Treating everyone with dignity, loyalty to the profession, and cooperating with all sectors to improve health standards.