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Electricity (Ri Tong) - Coggle Diagram
Electricity (Ri Tong)
Electric circuit
Electricity requires a complete path to travel called a circuit
Components
Power source
Produce electricity
Battery
Conductors
Provide a path for electricity to flow
Copper wire
Loads
Convert electrical energy into other forms of energy to perform work
Electrical appliances
Control devices
Continue/discontinue the flow of electricity
Switches
Relays
Protective devices
Stop the flow of electricity when it becomes dangerous
Fuses
Circuit breakers
Open
The switch is open thus there is a break in the circuit
No electricity flows in the circuit
Can be caused by faulty working devices or a break in the protective devices
Closed
The switch is closed thus the circuit is complete
Electricity flow continuously in the circuit
Types of circuit
Parallel
Loads arranged in multiple loops
More than one path for electricity to flow through
Series
Loads are arranged one after another in a single loop
Only ONE path for electricity to flow through
What is Energy?
The flow of electric charges
A secondary energy source
Can be converted from the primary energy sources
Fossil fuels
Solar energy
Wind
Water
Devices that are used to convert primary energy sources into electricity
Electric generators
Supply a large amount of electricity to household and industries
Kinetic energy → electrical/potential energy→electrical energy
Windmills
Wind turbines
Power stations
Electric cells
Supply a small amount of electricity to portable electrical devices
Chemical energy → electrical energy
Dry cells
Lithium cells
Lead-acid accumulators
Solar cells
Supply electricity to specific devices such as satellites or calculators
Solar energy → electrical energy
Solar panels in calculators
Photovoltaics
Electrical Measurements
Electric current
It is the rate of flow of electric charges
Electron Flow
Negative terminal to positive terminal
Convectional current
Positive terminal to negative terminal
Series
I=I₁=I₂=I₃
Parallel
I=I₁+I₂+I₃
Potential difference (Voltage)
It is difference the electrical energy required to move a unit electric charge across the two points of an electrical component
Series
V= V₁ + V₂ + V₃
Parallel
V = V₁ = V₂ = V₃
Resistance
It is the property of an electrical component that opposes the flow of electric charges through it.
Series
R= R₁ + R₂ + R₃
Parallel
1/R= 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + 1/R₃
Effects of electric current
Heating effect
EE->TE
Nichrome in electric kettles
Magnetic effect
Creates electromagnets when current flows through coiled wire around the iron bar
Doorbells, telephones etc
Chemical effect
Electrolysis
electroplating
Rust prevention, enhance appearance
Extracting pure metal from impurities