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Chapter 10. Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 10. Nervous System
Divisions
Central nervous system (CNS)
brain
spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
all parts of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord
small clusters of cells in the peripheral nervous system
Functions
sensory
integrative
motor
Cellular Composition
neuroglia
glial cell types
astrocytes
form blood-brain barrier
ependymal cell
formation of CSF
Microglia
phagocytosis of pathogens & damaged tissue
Schwann
Produce myelin sheath for neurons in PNS
Oligodendrocyte
Produce myelin sheath in the CNS
neurons
Three parts
Dendrites: Branch-like projections from cell body, transmits signals to the cell body from other neurons
cell body: "filtering station" for signals from dendrites, chooses which to send to axon
axon: long extension that transmits signals away from the cell body
branching from end of axon are many axon terminals, chemical neurotransmitters are stored here
Myelin sheath: white fatty material that encases the axon and assists in transmitting electrochemicals
tissue in the CNS is white or gray. This appearance is due to myelination. Myelinated axons causes matter to look "white"
The Brain
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum
Nerve Impulse (Action Potential)
resting membrane potential
Inside of cell is negative until membrane is stimulated, this negativity is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump, high Na outside, high K inside
depolarization: cell membrane is stimulated, inside becomes positive due to sodium presence
repolarization: inside of the neuron becomes negative again due to potassium
Threshold potential: degree of depolarization that must be attained for the neuron to fully depolarize
ionic basis
Synapse across neurons