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Clinical Dental Materials - Coggle Diagram
Clinical Dental Materials
Amalgam
Main Uses (Posterior Restorations)
High compressive strength
Durable (10–15+ years)
Good for high occlusal stress
Self-sealing margins (corrosion products)
Cost-effective & fast placement
Composition & Function
Hg (Mercury) → Binder, setting reaction
Ag (Silver) → Strength, hardness
Sn (Tin) → Controls setting, reduces expansion
Cu (Copper) → ↑ Strength, ↓ creep, removes gamma-2
Zn (Zinc) → Deoxidizer, improves handling
Key Properties
High compressive, low tensile strength
Needs mechanical retention (undercuts, 90° margins)
Minimum thickness: 1.5–2 mm
High thermal conductivity → needs base/liner
Mild corrosion = self-seal
Excess corrosion = weakening
Mercury Safety
Encapsulated system → safer handling
Rubber dam + suction
Proper waste disposal
Modern high-copper = safer & more durable
Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC)
Main Uses
Class V / cervical lesions
Pediatric dentistry
ART restorations
Luting cement
Base/liner
Sealants
Why Good for Cervical Lesions
Chemical bonding to tooth
Fluoride release
Moisture tolerant
Thermal expansion similar to tooth
Composition
Powder → Fluoroaluminosilicate glass
Liquid → Polyacrylic acid
Setting → Acid–base reaction
Fluoride Role
Initial burst + long-term release
Rechargeable
Prevents secondary caries
Promotes remineralization
Advantages
Chemical adhesion
Fluoride release
Biocompatible
Good marginal seal
Limitations
Low tensile strength
Brittle
Wear in high-stress areas
Moisture sensitive during setting
RMGIC (Modified GIC)
Added resin (HEMA)
Light-cure
↑ Strength
↓ Moisture sensitivity
Slightly less fluoride
Resin Composite
Composition
Resin matrix (Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA)
Inorganic fillers
Silane coupling agent
Photoinitiator (Camphorquinone)
Matrix–Filler Interaction
Higher filler → ↑ strength, ↓ shrinkage
Silane → bonds filler to resin
Polymerization
Light activated
Free radical reaction
Shrinkage 1–2%
Main Uses
Anterior restorations (esthetic)
Posterior restorations (adhesive, conservative prep)
Advantages
Tooth-colored
Bonds to tooth
Good polishability
Minimal tooth removal
Repairable
Challenges
Polymerization shrinkage
Technique sensitive (needs dry field)
Shorter longevity than amalgam
Wear in high-stress areas
Polymerization Shrinkage Effects
Marginal gaps
Sensitivity
Debonding
Reduced longevity
Dental Cement
Types & Setting Reaction
Zinc Phosphate
Acid–base reaction
Mechanical retention only
Strong but no chemical bond
Zinc Polycarboxylate
Acid–base
Chemical bond to tooth
Less pulpal irritation
Glass Ionomer
Acid–base (ion-leaching)
Chemical bond
Fluoride release
Resin Cement
Polymerization reaction
Light/self/dual cure
Strong adhesion
Luting Agent Functions
Retention of crown/bridge
Marginal seal
Thermal insulation
Shock absorption
Fluoride protection (GIC/RMGIC)
Base vs Liner
Liner (<0.5 mm)
Protect pulp
Reduce sensitivity
Promote reparative dentin
Base (1–2 mm)
Thermal insulation
Mechanical support
Distribute occlusal forces
Temporary vs Permanent Cement
Temporary
Provisional crowns
Easy removal
Lower bond strength
Permanent
Long-term retention
Strong adhesion
Better marginal seal