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Gender as a Category of Analysis - Coggle Diagram
Gender as a Category of Analysis
Labor & Globalization
Khandelwal et al. (2022) – The Gender of Fuelwood.
The main argument in this reading is that technology and policy aren't gender neutral things and how they actually decide what is "feminine" labor vs. "masculine" industry.
One of the main bits of evidence to back up this argument is how women carry "headloads" which would be considered domestic and invisible labor while the men use "truckloads" which is the commercial and visible labor.
Carla Freeman (2001) – Rethinking Globalization
The main argument of this piece is that the "Global" is coded as being masculine and mobile while the "Local" is coded as being feminine and stationary
This article links well to Salzingers idea that gender "performs" the work that makes global restructuring possible.
Radhakrishnan & Solari (2023) – Chapters 3 & 4
The main argument in Chapters 3 and 4 is that neoliberalism relies on the "Empowered Woman" idea to fix poverty without changing the actual system that has caused the problem .
The evidence to back this up is all the microfinancing initiatives that are focused on women because they are seen as more "reliable" and "altruistic" than the men.
State Power and the Public and Private Divide
Visvanathan (2011) – The Women, Gender and Development Reader
The main argument of this reading was the transition from "Women in Development" which was really just integrating women into existing structures to "Gender and Development" which is where we start questioning the structures themselves.
Its an important article because it gives us a pretty good historical timeline of how international NGOs started using "gender" as a policy tool.
Gal & Kligman (2000) – Politics of Gender After Socialism (Ch. 1-2)
The main argument of these chapters is that the state uses gender to redraw the boundaries between "public" which is things like politics and "private" which are things like family life during times of big political change.
One of the key bits of evidence to back up this argument is the post socialist idea that blamed "over emancipated" women for the traditional family breaking down.
Gender as Verb
Radhakrishnan & Solari (2023) – Chapter 6
The main argument of this chapter is that neoliberalism doesn't just affect women it also rebrands masculinity as "protection" through things like police, security and the patriarchal state.
Evidence: The rise of the security state and the role of men as providers/protectors in the neoliberal order.
Salzinger (2004) – From Object to Verb
The main argument here is that managers in factories don't just hire women they actually create the "productive woman" through things like workplace surveillance and expectations.
The evidence used to back up this claim were case studies of Maquiladoras where gendered expectations are maid in real time on the factory floor.
Stigma and the Body
Gal & Kligman (2000) – Chapters 3-6
The main argument in these chapters is that the "nation" is pretty often built by controlling women's bodies through things like abortion, contraception and birth rates.
The evidence to back up this argument is a comparison between how different post socialist states like Poland vs. Romania used reproductive policy to build up their national identity.
Van Hollen (2010) – HIV/AIDS & Gendering of Stigma
Argument: Stigma is a tool of social control that is applied differently to bodies based on their reproductive "value."
Evidence: In Tamil Nadu, HIV-positive women are stigmatized as "immoral" mothers, while men’s infections are often excused or ignored by the medical system.