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Chapter 6 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6
Cytoskeleton
cytoskeleton - Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm.
motor proteins - proteins that interact with cytoskeletal elements.
microtubules - Hollow rods constructed from globular proteins.
centrosomes - Region that is located near the nucleus.
centrioles - Pairs with centrosomes.
flagella - Extensions that contain microtobulues.
Basel Body - Similar to centriole.
microfilaments - Thin solid rods.
actin - Globular protein.
myosin - Flament of protein causing contractions.
pseudopodia - False feet.
intermediate filaments - Filaments intermediate in size.
Endomembrane Systems
Endomembrane Systems - Collection of membrane inside and surrounding eukaryotic cells.
Vesicles - Membrane-bound sac in or outside a cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum - Extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells.
Rough Er - Ribosomes are attached
Glycoproteins - proteins with carbohydrates covalently bonded to them.
Transport Vesicles - small sac in eukaryotic cells cytoplasm carrying molecules.
Smooth ER - No ribosomes attached
Golgi Apparatus - Warehouse for storing, shipping, and modifying.
Lysosomes - Sac of hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules.
Phagocytosis - To eat.
Pinocytosis - To drink.
Vacuoles - Large vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
Microscopes
Electron Microscope - focuses a beam of electrons through a specimen or into its surface.
Magnification - Ratio of image size to its real size.
Resolution - Clarity of the image
Contrast - Difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image
Organelles - membrane enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells
Cell Fractionation - Disruption of cell and separation of parts by centrifugation due to high speeds.
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Light Microscopes - Visible light passes through specimen and then through glass lense.
Cellular activities
Cell wall - Extracellular structure of plant cells.
Extracellular Matrix - Meshwork surrounding animal cells.
collagen - Forms strong fibers outside the cells.
Proteoglycans - Have small core protein with many carbohydrate chains attached.
Cell Junctions - Adhesion and interactions between cells.
Plasmodesmata - Channels that connect cells.
Tight junctions - Prevent leakage of materials.
Gap junctions - Allows passage of materials between cells.
Desmosomes- Fastening cells together.
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Internal Membranes
Cells basic features -
1) Cytosol -Semifluid portion of the cytoplasm.
2) Plasma Membrane - The membrane at the boundary of every cell
3) Ribosomes - Particles consisting of RNA and associated proteins.
4) Chromosomes - Genetic material in most cells.
Nucleoid - Non-membrane bound organelle in prokaryotes where genetic material is stored.
Cytoplasm - In eukaryotes, the region between organelles and cytosol.