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Chapter 5 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5
Carbs
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Monosaccharides: These are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules such as glucose and fructose.
Disaccharides: Formed by the combination of two monosaccharides, disaccharides include sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar).
Polysaccharides: These are long chains of monosaccharide units linked together. Common examples include starch (energy storage in plants), glycogen (energy storage in animals), and cellulose (a structural component of plant cell walls).
Lipids
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Energy Storage: Lipids serve as a major source of energy for the body, storing more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins.
Cell Membrane Structure: They are essential components of cell membranes, helping to maintain structural integrity and regulate the movement of substances in and out of cells.
Hormone Production: Lipids are involved in the synthesis of hormones, acting as chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes.
Proteins
Enzymes
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Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering energy necessary to start the rxn.
Tertiary Structure: The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide, determined by interactions among various side chains (R groups).
Secondary Structure: Regular patterns of folding or coiling, such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets, stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
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Quaternary Structure: The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains into a functional protein complex
Nucleic Acid
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carries the genetic blueprint for the development and functioning of organisms
RNA (ribonucleic acid), which plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and gene expression.
Nucleic acids direct cellular activities, including cell division and the production of proteins, by encoding the necessary information in sequences of nucleotides.
