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Pedro Muñoz Period 3 Immune system - Coggle Diagram
Pedro Muñoz
Period 3
Immune system
Major functions of the
Lymphatic & Immune systems
disease resistance:fights against
disease causing organisms
surveillance: monitors for foreign
things in the body to take out
prevents spread of pathogens: uses inflammation
to prevent the spread of damage and alert the whole body
get rid of old blood and waste inside of it
Location of Lymphatic
organs and their functions
MALT
peyers patches: in the lining of intestines protecting from bacteria
spleen: in the left hypochondriac region filtering blood and taking out old blood cells
tonsils: in the back of nose and throat to protect from foreign invaders
appendix: in between small andlarge intestines to filter ingested thingsf from bad gut bacteria
Purpose and examples of
First, Second and Third line of defense
first line of defense: to prevent outside invaders from entering the body, skin, mucous, and hair, saliva, tears
second line of defense: inflammation prevents spread of damage, and mast cells that eat foreign cells
third like of defense: cells make antibodies, kill foreigners, ans retain memory, b and t cells
Innate(natural) immune defenses and Adaptive(acquired) immune defenses
Innate (nonspecific)
not targeting one
specific pathogen
skin
(shield over
body blocking)
mucuous membrane
(antibacterial properties)
stomach acid
(acidity breaks
down)
tears&saliva have
antibodies/antibacterial
properties which fight
pathogens
Adaptive
T cells
Helper T cells:release cytokines
and awaken cytotoxic and B cells
Cytotoxic t cells: kill pathogens by
triggering apoptosis after activation
B cels:secrete antibiodies
after activated
memory t and B cells: same función
but on patrol to react to pathogens
already introduced to the body
Humoral response and cellular response
Humoral response:antibody
regulated immunity: b cells secrete
antibodies that neutralize pathogens
cellular response: cell mediated response
: t cells attack cells and kill orneutralize cells
Antigens and antibodies
Antigens: anything in the body that
triggers an immune response
self antigens: Major histocompatibility
complexes show that your cells are yous
with its tiny marker
markers on cells showing “non self”
antibodies: cells secreted
by B plasma cells
B cells secrete antibodies which neutralize with agglutination, blocking itssites, or complement fixation
Artificial vs. Naturally
acquired immunity
artificial immunity: immunity gained from a artificial, man made factor like vaccines or injection antibodies
natural immunity: immunity gathered by natural factors like mothers passing down antibodies to fetuses or self made antibodies in response to infection
Cells involved in the
immune system
and their functions
T cells: helpes activate other cells with cytokines and cytotoxic kill pathogwns when activated
B cells: secrete antibodies when activated, neutralizing cells
NK cells: lymphocytes that kill infected cells without activation
B plasma cells: cells specializing in mass production of antibodies
memory t and b cells: specialized in attacking remembered pathogens before they can cause harm evn faster than regular b and t cells
mast cells: pathogen consumers APCs
dendritic cells: MOST PROMINENT APC shows antigen to therest ofthe cell to kill it
Disorders associated
with the Immune system
HIV/AIDS: destroys white
blood cells and weakens
immune system
Rgeumatoid Arthritis immune cells attack linings
of joints and cause pain , swelling, and deformityy
mulptiple sclerosis: immune cells damage
myelin sheaths covering nerve cells
type 1 diabetes: immune syrem destroys
insulin producing cells in the pancreas
Passive vs. Active immunity
active immunity
natural active immunity: developed
from an acquired virus or disease
artificial active immunity:
acquired from a vaccine
passive immunity
natural actuve immunity: Immunity
passed down from your mother
artificial active immunity: immunity
gagered by injected antibodies