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Catalonia under Franco KE preparations - Coggle Diagram
Catalonia under Franco KE preparations
1939 ->We want absolute national unity, with only one language, Spanish, and a single personality, Spanish."
Una,
grande y libre
Se declaran ilícitas la producción, el comercio y la circulación de periódicos, revistas, folletos y toda
clase de impresos y grabados pornográficos o de literatura socialista, comunista, libertaria y, en general,
disolventes (in Abellán 1984: 158).
The answer is that no laws or unequivocal
regulations seem to have existed. At least in the Spanish case, the censorship
itself was by nature evasive—to the point that we can talk about “censura de la
censura” (the censoring of the censorship) (Torrealdai 1998: 8
40s
'41 the prohibition of catalan
Prohibition of political parties
Until 1951 persecution was TOTAL
MAY WISH TO FOCUS HERE
1945 defeat of nazi germany lead to some relaxation on rules
Catalan Plays
Production of Catalan classics and exclusivley classics
execution by firing squad in 1940 of the President of the Generalitat of Catalonia, Lluís Companys.
Symbolic Erasure Catalan was prohibited on tombstones, street signs, and in advertisements.
Order of 16 May 1940 (Ministerio de la Gobernación): This specifically forbade the use of "foreign" terms (which included Catalan in this context) in commercial lettering, advertisements, and signage.
Priests were even chastised for pronouncing
Latin with a non-Castilian accent (Conversi 1997: 81, 113; Solé i Sabaté and
Villarroya 1995: 45).
50s
Arrests / torture / murder of political dissidents
Ending of the majority of militia action
Barcelona tram strike 51
could not shoot people for not taking the tram
Orfeo catala
1-1 million migrants prejudiced
70s
During later stages of Francoist Spain, folkloric and religious celebrations in Catalan resumed and were tolerated
he establishment of the Assembly of Catalonia (1971)
60s
Broadcast of Catalan TV programs
Rural to urban migration -> decreased % of catalan speakers hwvr this was not an action of franco to reduce catalan speaking in a sense
Most anti-francoist action began here
Legacy
In 1996, only one-third of those aged 40–44 was able to write in Catalan versus two-thirds who could speak it,
BOOKS AND SOURCES
"Arquitectes del terror. Franco i els artifex de l'odi" - CATALAN BOOK
40 google scholar sources im saved
Vernacular resistance
LOOK INTO
Cited for Language
Angela Cenarro, ‘Matar, Vigilar y Delatar: La Quiebra de la Sociedad Civil Durante la Guerra y la
Posguerra en España (1936–1948)’, Historia Social, 44 (2002), 65–86.
MY FOCUS AREAS
Language
Strict control early
Relaxed later on
Prohibition of Catalan language
Removal of Catalan names / symbols
Propaganda
WHAT IS THE LEGACY / IMPACT
if I do lang can I look at the whole period
Note means i can do a to what extent
1940s/50s
Strict control
No real laws
eventual relaxation
Evaluate whether Franco's strict control of spanish culture through the 40s
Look at what happened in the 50s
We know there was strict control
did this control succeed
LIST OF WEBSITES AND SOURCES USED SO FAR
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Catalonia#Franco's_dictatorship
https://www.mhcat.cat/enmhc/exhibitions/the_memory_of_a_country/defeat_and_recovery_1940_to_1980#next
https://eu-opensci.org/index.php/ejlang/article/view/4113#:~:text=culture%20language%20loss-,Introduction,perceived%20resistance%20to%20the%20rule
.
https://doaj.org/article/b67cda613ba94289b70c69be6a5ea6a0#:~:text=Abstract&text=The%20Franco%20regime%20attempted%20to,of%20Catalan%20language%20and%20culture
.
https://theconversation.com/the-rebirth-of-catalan-how-a-once-banned-language-is-thriving-47587
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/123351147/Vernacular_Resistance_Bloomsbury.pdf
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26852358?seq=6
https://www.jstor.org/stable/344927?seq=1
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_policies_of_Francoist_Spain#:~:text=together%20with%20Spanish.-,The%20Spanish%20language,taught%20local%20languages%20were%20punished
.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Laws_of_the_Realm
