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Materials, image, image, image, Tree trunks, e.g. fir, pine and chestnut,…

- - - - The Mohs scale of minerals was created by the Austrian geologist Friedrich Mohs (1773–1839). The minerals are graded from
        1 to 10 according to how hard they are.
  - - - is the resistance to breaking that a material shows when hit by something.
    - - is when the material breaks easily
  - - - Some materials allow water or other liquids to filter through
        them.
    - - Some materials don't allow water or other liquids to filter
        through them.
- - - - Recyclable Materials
        
        These can be reused
      - Toxic Materials
        
        These are harmful to the
        environment.
      - Biodegradable Materials
        
        These are materials that
        decompose naturally and don't
        cause damage to the environment
    - - Renewable raw materials
      - Non-renewable raw materials
- - - - Opaque
        
        Other objects can't be seen through them
      - Translucent
        
        These allow light to pass through them, but don't allow objects behind them to be seen clearly.
      - Transparent
        
        Other objects can clearly be seen
        through these materials.
  - - - The mechanical strength of materials depends on the type of force that acts upon them.
        
        types of strength
        
        tensile strength
        
        compressive strength
        
        flexural strength
        
        torsional strength
        
        shear strength
    - - Elasticity
        
        allows the material to return to its original form
        after a force that has changed its shape is removed.
      - Plasticity
        
        allows it to be permanently deformed.
    - - Malleability
        
        allows a material to be spread into sheets or films. Materials with this property are malleable.
      - Ductility
        
        allows a material to be formed into filaments, or wires. Materials with this property are ductile.
- - - - Unprocessed substances in their natural state, classified by origin
    - - Processed raw materials ready for making products through physical or chemical processes
    - - Physical, chemical, and ecological characteristics that determine how materials behave and their environmental impact
    - - Products created by humans to satisfy needs and improve standard of living
  - - - specific properties needed
      - environmental impact and sustainability
      - availability and cost of raw materials
      - manufacturing processes required
- - - - Physical Process
        
        A physical process is when a substance changes its state,
        for example when a metal melts.
        
        The chemical composition of the material does not change.
      - Chemical Process
        
        A chemical process is when a substance is transformed
        into a different substance with different characteristics.
        
        The composition of the material changes.
- - - - Get Raw Materials
        
        We get raw materials from nature.
      - Process Them
        
        We process them to make materials
      - Make Goods
        
        We make goods with these materials.
- - - - Electrical Conductivity
        
        Some materials conduct electricity, e.g. metals.
      - Electrical Insulation
        
        Some materials don't conduct electricity, e.g. plastic
        materials and wood.
    - - when a material is heated
        
        Thermal Conductivity
        
        Thermal conductors are materials that conduct heat.
        
        Thermal insulators are materials that don't conduct heat.
        
        Expansion and Contraction
        
        When the temperature increases, the material expands. When the temperature decreases, the material contracts
        
        Fusibility
        
        Some materials change from solid to liquid when their temperature is increased.
        
        Welding
        
        Some materials can be used to weld two pieces of the same or different materials together.
    - - hear sound through a materia
        
        Acoustic conductivity
        
        capacity of materials to transmit sound
        
        Acoustic insulators
        
        Some materials don't conduct sound well
    - - Magnetism. Some metals attract other metallic materials; iron has this property. This allows it to become a permanent magnet. It attracts other ferrous materials, such as steel.