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Altered Elimination - Coggle Diagram
Altered Elimination
Urinary dysfunction
Neuromuscular function
dysfunction of nerve control of the bladder
Neurogenic bladder
Stems from nerve damage which impedes bladder signaling and causes inability to adequately store or empty urine causing retention or incontinence
Anticholinergic medications
Intermittent catheterization
Diabetic neuropathy
Spinal cord injury
Patency
Presence of a physical obstruction blocking urine flow
Obstructive uropathy
Presence of an obstruction causes urine to back up and leads to increased pressure. This causes kidney damage and decreased filtration.
Alpha blockers
Surgical removal of obstruction
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Kidney stones
Motility
Impeded movement of urine via kidneys to bladder or bladder emptying dysfunction
Ureteral obstruction from kidney stones
Bladder muscle dysfunction from aging or diabetes
Urinary Retention
Impeded urine flow causes urine accumulation which then leads to bladder distention. This increases risk of infection and kidney damage
Medications to stimulate bladder contraction
Catheterization to relieve retention
Perfusion
Impeded blood flow to kidneys
Renal artery stenosis
hypotension
Acute kidney injury
Due to decreased renal blood flow this causes reduced filtration and leads to waste accumulation followed up impeded urine production
IV fluids to restore perfusion
Blood pressure management
Bowel Dysfunction
Neuromuscular
function
Impeded nerve or muscle control of bowel
Spinal cord injury
Neurogenic bowel
Due to the loss of neural control impeded peristalsis occurs causing constipation or incontinence
Stool softeners
Scheduled bowel training
Multiple sclerosis
Patency
Physical obstruction of intestine
Bowel obstruction
Due to a blocked intestine an accumulation of stool and gas occurs cause distention and impeded elimination
Surgery
Nasogastric decompression
Hernias
Tumors
Motility
Abnormal movement of stool through the intestines
Constipation
Due to slower intestinal movement excessive water absorption occurs and causes hard stool which makes it difficult to pass stool
Laxatives
Increase fiber intake
Dehydration
Low fiber diet