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Carbon & Molecular Diversity of Life Ch4 - Coggle Diagram
Carbon & Molecular Diversity of Life Ch4
Stanley Miller Experiment
Abiotic Synthesis
It makes molecules without life
EX: Amino acids that are forming in the experiment.
Early earth atmosphere
It gases thought to exist on early Earth.
EX: Methane, ammonia
Electric sparks
Simulated lighting energy
EX: sparks that is used to trigger reactions
Organic Molecules
Carbon - based molecules that is formed.
EX: Amino acids.
Amino acids
Protein building blocks
EX: It's called Glycine
Prebiotic chemestry
Chemistry before life existed
EX: Simple to complex molecules
Miller - Urey apparatus
Closed systems that are used for the experiment
EX: The glass tubes and chambers
Condensation chamber
It cools vapor so the molecules can collect
EX: It's collected organic droplets
Circulation
It's the movement of glasses/water in the setup
EX: Continuous cycling
Chemical evolution
It's a gradual formation of complex molecules
EX: amino acids that is forming from just simple gases.
Organic Chemistry
It's the study of carbon-based molecules and how they form, react, and change.
Carbon forma many structures.
Includes molecules like fats, sugars, proteins, DNA.
4 bonds of organic chemistry:
(C-H), (C-C), (C-O), (C-N)
Main molecules:
Carbs
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids.
It makes functional groups that makes small parts that change how molecules act
Reactions
Molecules can build up and can also break down
Carbon diversity:
Chains, branches, rings, double bonds
Isomers
It has the same formulas but different shapes
Carbon Atom Diversity
Carbon Skeleton
chain or ring of carbon atoms
EX: Glucose chain
Isomers
It has the same formula, with different shapes.
EX: Glucose Vs. fluctose
Hydrocarbons
It's the molecules of only C + H
EX: methane
Functionall groups
a small group that is able to change the molecules behavior
EX: Hydroxyl ( -OH)
Tetravalence
Carbon forms 4 bonds
EX: Carbon in methane (CH4)
Carbon branching
Carbon chains hat can be branch
EX: Branched hydrocarbons
Rings
Carbon which forms the ring shapes
EX: Benzene
Double bonds
Carbon shares two pairs of electrons
EX: C=C in unsaturated fats
Chemical Groups
1 Hydroxyl (-OH)
Makes molecules alcohol - like and polar.
EX: ethanol.
2 Carbonxyl ( -COOH)
Acidic group, donates H+
EX: Acetic acid (vinegar).
3 Amino ( -NH2)
Basic group, found in proteins
Amino Acids.
4 Carbonyl: ( C=O)
It's found in sugar, and it's reactive
EX: Glucose (has carbonyl inside).
5 Phosphate ( -PO4)
Stores/transfers energy
EX: ATP.
6 Sulfhydryl (-SH)
It helps protein to keep their shape
EX: Cysteine (an amino acid).