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Mind map 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Knowledge
        
        novel methodolgy
        
        tools use in community seed banks
        
        ArcGIS and DIVA-GIS
        
        generate maps of crop diversity richness
        
        distribution of particular crops and their wild relative/useful trait
        
        locations of areas with complementary diversity
        
        process multiple site climate data
        
        MaxEnt --> to complement DIVA-GIS
        
        crop habitat modelling based on species diversity in ecology
        
        CCAFS
        
        climate analogue tool
        
        identify analogous climates across space/time
        
        software R
        
        generate climate maps, crop suitability modelling
        
        use of "appropriate technology" link with the book Uncertain Harvest: The Future of Food on a Warming Planet
        
        analysis made on climate data for the present and 2050s show that temperaturee and precipitation would increase with longer rainy season in 2050s and elevation of 1.5 degrees in temperature
        
        Seeds for Needs in India use same tools as Uganda to identify most promising national-gene bank resources
        
        farmer's varietal preference recorded in field and uploaded using Open Data Kit servers
        
        good for real-time data acquisition because accesable even in faraway rural areas
        
        Crowdsourcing
        
        2 more items...
      - access and availability
        
        community seed banks of the "Seeds for Needs" initiative
        
        multi-country initiative developed by Biodiversity international
        
        aims to give farmers more access to crop diversity
        
        capacity to adapt to climate change reinforce
        
        mitigate risk related to climate change
        
        Will help identify best varieties for local conditions as a component of a diverse portfolio that can serve as buffer to climate change
        
        methodology involve farmer participatory with extension workers, agronomists, breeders, national-gene bank staff
        
        1 more item...
        
        first implemented in Ethiopia, India and Papua New Guinea
        
        At the beginning, seed bank did not have place in Seeds for Needs
        
        changed when farmers identified promising new varieties -> seed demand began to rise
        
        e.g.: seed bank in Meket Woreda in Ethiopia by Sedds for Needs research team to guarantee seeds available to farmers
        
        core functions: access and availability of seeds
        
        fostering of seed exchanges local and supra-local levels
        
        accessing novel diversity not conserved locally
        
        maintenance locally adapted seed at low cost
        
        access seeds from areas plants adapt to extreme weather conditions
        
        Innovative technique to enhance longivity of stored seeds
        
        seeds dried to very low moisture content using zeolite beads; stored in airtight conditions
        
        benefits
        
        4 more items...
        
        research team with local partner organisation are training farmers in community seed banks in seed selectgion, treatment, multiplication, storage, and seed marketing
        
        Kiziba community seed bank, Uganda
        
        Five roles of seed bank
        
        production of seed quality
        
        multiplying seeds
        
        assessing diverse materials
        
        providing diverse seeds that can adapt to climate change
        
        conserving seeds
        
        Pressure from climate change
        
        unpredictable cropping seasons
        
        unreliable rainfall patterns
        
        temperature spikes
      - Conservation
        
        seed banks in;
        
        South Africa
        
        conserve local varieties in short and long term
        
        restore varieties that have disappeared
        
        aims to perform functions of :
        
        accessing novel diversity not conserved locally
        
        accessing seeds from plants adapted to extreme weather conditions
        
        example of importance maintaining crop diversity on farm for women of Gumbu village community seed bank :
        support households for food supply and gives them additional income by sellng seed
        
        Bhutan
        
        maintain existing buckwheat varieties
        
        enhance genetic diversity
        
        Brazil
        
        identify species that have climate resistant traits
        
        multiply and distribute most resistant
      - Seed and food sovereignty
        
        availability of diverse seeds
        
        Conservation of rare and unique plant genetic ressources
        
        Enhancement of local varieties
        
        Selection for climate conditions
        
        selected to tolerate drought and require less water
        
        collaboration with agencies to market seeds
        
        Promoting seed and food sovereignty within communities
      - Knowledge
        
        Supportive policy environment
        
        legislation needs
        
        certification
        
        marketing
        
        Many countries not allowed to sell farm-saved seeds
        
        Variety improvement registration
        
        seed production
        
        Genetic ressource proctection
        
        Maintenance of crops and landraces
        
        Need more emphasis on climate change dimension
        
        Technical support
        
        Sustainable practices
        
        On farm and off farm conservation of plants
        
        Conservation institutions
        
        1 more item...
        
        financial support
        
        Education programs
- - - - aims to
        
        encourage conservation and recovery local plants species maintained by farmers
        
        build capacity to strengthen technical/managerial expertise of community seed banks
        
        value/reward Farmers' effort to safeguard ag biodiversity and associated cultural values/knowledge
        
        value/protect local genetic resources and related knowledge
        
        maintain access/availability of resources
        
        facilitate links between local/national/international efforts
        
        support farmers technically/financially to organise themselves, exchanges knowledge/experiences and strengthen their organisational capacity
        
        disseminate/promote results realised by community seed banks
      - examples
        
        seed production, standardisation, certification, commercialisation, etc.