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Altered Hormonal & Metabolic Function, Diagnosis involves hyponatremia…
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Diagnosis involves hyponatremia, hypotonicity, decreased urine volume, increased urine concentration, absence of renal, adrenal, or thyroid abnormalities
Treatment includes removing the cause of (SIAH) if possible, minor cases may involve water restriction, while others may require hypertonic solutions given I.V.
Diagnosis is made through careful review of patient history & physical examination. PMH brain tumor removal, cranial surgery, or head trauma. Labs would measure serum solute concentration, ADH levels, & urine specific gravity
Treatment involves fluids replacement therapy by simply hydrating to replace fluid loss through urine, or hypotonic I.V. solution
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Diagnosis of Grave's disease, based on patient's history & physical examination. Family history of auto-immune disease, thyroid disease, & emigration of iodine-deficient location.
Treatment is aimed at reducing thyroid levels. Gland destruction with radioactive iodine, medications to block thyroid hormone production, or partial / full removal of thyroid gland supplemented with oral thyroid hormone.
Diagnosis, again is based on patient history & physical examination. Lab studies include TSH assay, Free T4, Total T4, T3 Uptake, thyroid autoantibodies, & antithyroglobulin test
Treatment focuses on replacing deficient hormone to normalize TSH, T4, & T3 levels. Accomplished by Levothyroxine a synthetic form of T4.
Diagnosis of Cushing syndrome is based on 24h urine collection with an increase in cortisol levels. Imaging may be used to locate tumors that secrete excess ACTH or cortisol
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Diagnosis is based on presentation & laboratory analysis of electrolytes (hyponatremia & hyperkalemia) - corticosteroid levels remain depressed after admin. of ACTH
Treatment involves fluid replacement & IV corticoids for acute patients, while chronic involves lifelong corticoids & aldosterone replacement & added salt intake as needed