Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction - Coggle Diagram
Hormonal and Metabolic Dysfunction
Hyperpituitarism (acromegaly)
Occurs in the Anterior pituitary gland
Increase in growth hormone
caused by pituitary adenoma causing excess GH leading to increased IGF-1 ending in tissue overgrowth
Thickened skin
Organ enlargement
Enlarged Jaw
Hyperglycemia
Enlarged hands and feet
increased IGF-1 levels
MRI depicts pituitary tumor
Increase in GH levels
Glucose suppression test
Somatostatin analogs
GH receptor
Surgical removal of tumor
An increase in GH usually suppresses hypothalamus and pituitary but tumor ignores feedback and continues secretion
Hypopituitarism
Decrease in TSH, ACTH, LH/FSH and GH
Pituitary damage causes lowered stimulation of target glands
Hypothyroidism symptoms
Weakness
Adrenal insufficiency symptoms
Fatigue
Infertility
Decrease in target gland hormones
MRI pituitary
Decrease in pituitary hormones
Hormone replacement therapy
underlying cause treatment
Low hormones fail to stimulate target glands
Decrease in TSH causes lower thyroid stimulation causing secondary hypothyroidism
Decrease in ACTH leads to lower adrenal stimulation causing decreased cortisol secretion
Hyperthyroidism
Occurs in the thyroid gland
Increase in T3 and T4
Graves' disease causes antibodies to stimulate thyroid leading to excess hormone production
Tachycardia
Anxiety
Heat intolerance
Tremor
Weight loss
Increase in T3/T4
Thyroid antibodies
Decrease in TSH
Surgery
Medications
Beta blockers
Radioactive iodine
Increase in T3/T4 suppress pituitary TSH. antibodies override feedback in graves' disease
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid gland
Decrease in T3 and T4
Hashimoto's disease causing autoimmune damage of the thyroid
Fatigue
Bradycardia
Cold intolerance
Slow metabolism
Weight gain
Decrease in T3/T4
Thyroid antibodies
Increase in TSH
Levothyroxine
Low T3/T4 causes the pituitary gland to produce more TSH
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome)
Adrenal gland/pituitary
Increase in cortisol
Pituitary tumor or adrenal tumor causes excess cortisol
Hypertension
Fat redistriubtion
Moon face
Hyperglycemia
Muscle wasting
Cortisol suppresses ACTH and tumor ignores feedback
Dexamethasone suppression test
ACTH levels
Increase in cortisol
Surgery
Cortisol inhibitors
Hypocortisolism (Addison's disease)
Adrenal gland
Decrease in cortisol
Autoimmune damage of adrenal cortex
Hypotension
Weight loss
Fatigue
Hyperpigmentation
Increase in ACTH
ACTH stimulation test
Decrease in cortisol
Cortisol replacement (hydrocortisone)
Decreased cortisol causes pituitary to increase ACTH