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Experimental Chemistry (CH1) - Coggle Diagram
Experimental Chemistry (CH1)
Measurement
Precision
Smallest unit of measurement
Half of the smallest division of an instrument is the d.p
Instruments
Pipette
Exactly 25.0cm3
Burette
Precision is 0.1cm3
D.P is 0.05cm3
Volumetric flask
250cm3
Gas drying and collection
Drying agents
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Can dry acidic gases
Cannot dry basic/alkaline gases
Calcium oxide
Can dry basic/alkaline gases
Cannot dry acidic gases
Fused calcium chloride
Can dry most gases
Cannot dry ammonia
Gas collection
Check if soluble in water, then relative mass
Water displacement if gas is insoluble in water
Upward delivery if gas is less dense than air
Downward delivery if gas is denser than air
Separation techniques
Solid - solid
Magnetic attraction
Different magnetic properties
Magnet obtains magnetic materials
Sublimation
One solid can sublime
Obtain sublimed solid by vapour deposition
Sieving
Different particle size
Obtains residue and filtrate
Suitable solvent
Different solubility of solid in solvent
Obtains dissolved solution + insoluble solid
Solid - Liquid
Evaporation
For solutes that do not decompose under heating
Obtains solute as solid
Crystallization
For solutes that decompose under heating
Obtains solute as crystals
FIltration
Simple distillation
Different boiling points of solvent and solute
Obtains solvent as distillate
Liquid-Liquid
Fractional distillation
For miscible liquids with similar b.p.
Liquid with lower b.p as distillate
Temperature measures temp of distillate
Chromatography
Different solubility of components
Obtains components by travelling distance
Rf Value is distance travelled by component ÷ solvent front
Remember to subtract distance between starting line and start of paper!
Separating funnel
For immiscible liquids
Less dense liquid in funnel, denser liquid in collection vessel