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CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF FABRICS - Coggle Diagram
CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF FABRICS
Maintenance
Airing
Removes bad smell (odour)
Done in sun / well-ventilated room
Brushing
Removes dust from suits, coats, pile fabrics
Shaking
Removes loose dust
Done by holding garment and shaking
Laundering
Washing+finishing
Gives neat and clean appearance
Need for fabric maintenance
Prevents growth of bacteria & fungi
Maintains personal hygiene
Prevents fabric from becoming weak
Keeps clothes fresh & pleasant
Improves appearance & durability
Laundering
Meaning= removal of dirt, sweat & stains
Includes - washing or dry-cleaning, finishing (starch, ironing), storing
Washing vs Dry Cleaning
Washing
Soap/detergent + water
Suitable for cotton
Dry cleaning
Solvents & grease absorbents
Suitable for silk, wool, zari, leather, fur
Steps to launder clothes at home
Pre-laundering
Collection of clothes & supplies
Keep torn clothes aside for mending
Sorting
Based on - fabric type, colour, size & weight, dirt level, utility (kitchen towls separate)
Read care labels
Check & remove stains
Soaking
Loosens dirt
White clothes: warm/hot water
Do not soak more than 30 minutes
Washing methods
Friction method
Hand friction - collars, cuffs
Beating stick - bedsheets, towels
Kneading & squeezing
Delicate fabrics - silk, wool
Washing machine
Saves labour & time
Rinsing
Min = 3 times
Removes soap completely
Finishing
Starch (cotton)
Gum arabic (silk)
No starch for undergarments
Drying
Hang on clothesline
Coloured clothes inside out
Sunlight kills germs
Avoid overexposure to sun
Ironing
Removes wrinkles
Sprinkle water on starched clothes
Storing
Store only when completely dry
Prevents fungus & bacteria
Laundering of specific fabrics
Cotton
White cotton soaked
Coloured cotton washed gently
Blue in last rinse (white cotton)
Dry coloured cotton in shade
Synthetic fabrics
Cold/lukewarm water
Light pressure
Dry on hanger
Silk
No soaking
Neutral soap
Gum arabic for starch
Dry in shade
Woollen
Very delicate
Kneading & squeezing method
Dry flat in shade
Store with naphthalene balls
Stains
Meaning - Keep torn clothes aside for mending
Precautions
Remove stains when fresh
Test chemicals on inner seam
Use mild chemicals
Rinse thoroughly
Wash after stain removal
Sun-dry (not too long)
Methods of stain removal
Sponging
Blotting paper + stain remover
Dipping
Entire fabric dipped (borax, ammonia)
Types of stains
Vegetable – tea, coffee, fruit
Fresh stains
Pour boiling water on the stain
Soak in warm water
Add borax
Old stains
Dip the stained portion in glycerine
OR spread borax powder over the stain and pour boiling water
Animal – blood, milk, egg
Fresh stains
Wash with cold water and soap
Old stains
Soak in salt water
OR soak in dilute ammonia
Mineral – rust
Fresh stains
Rub lime juice and salt
Old stains
Apply dilute oxalic acid
Apply dilute borax solution
Miscellaneous – ink, grass, sweat
Fresh stains
Wash with soap and cold water
Old stains
Sponge the stained portion with methylated spirit
Grease – oil, butter
Fresh stain removal
Wash with hot water and soap
Dry in sunlight (white cotton)
Dry in shade (coloured cotton
Old stain removal
Apply paste of soap and water
Leave wet in sunlight until stain disappears
(For coloured cotton, leave in shade)
Tips for ironing
Spray water on cotton & linen
Iron collars, sleeves first
Iron delicate designs from wrong side
Iron along fabric length
Follow label instructions